Method of limiting the emissivity of WSN networks

Method of limiting the emissivity of WSN networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a current topic of research that find usage in many applications fromenvironmental monitoring and health protection to military applications. In this paper, analysis of the possibility ofreducing the emissivity of radio sensor networks with the assumed transmission probability is discussed. This has a directinfluence on power consumption by the nodes and network lifetime. A method based on introducing retransmissionson individual links creating paths between the nodes is presented. Two approaches are used in analyses, the first onebeing deterministic methods and the second one simulation. Both methods are used to determine the emissivity of thenetwork. The obtained results are compared with a method that uses retransmission on entire paths. This shows thatemissivity is more than five times less than the values obtained by retransmission on entire paths.

___

  • [1] Raghavendra CS, Sivalingam KM, Znati T (editors). Wireless Sensor Networks. Boston, MA, USA: Springer, 2004.
  • [2] Lewis FL. Wireless sensor networks. In: Cook DJ, Dac SK (editors). Smart Environments: Technologies, Protocols and Applications. New York, NY, USA: John Wiley & Sons, 2005, pp. 1-18.
  • [3] Villarrubia G, Paz JF, Iglesia DH, Bajo J. Combining multi-agent systems and wireless sensor networks for monitoring crop irrigation. Sensors 2017; 17 (8): 1775. doi: 10.3390/s17081775
  • [4] Kameoka S, Isoda S, Hashimoto A, Ito R, Miyamoto S et al. A wireless sensor network for growth environment measurement and multi-band optical sensing to diagnose tree vigor. Sensors 2017; 17 (5): 966. doi: 10.3390/s17050966
  • [5] Othman MF, Shazali K. Wireless sensor network applications: a study in environment monitoring system. Procedia Engineering 2012: 41: 1204-1210.
  • [6] Xu X, Zhong M. Wireless body sensor networks with cloud computing capability for pervasive healthcare: research directions and possible solutions. In: Li S, Jin Q, Jiang X, Park J (editors). Frontier and Future Development of Information Technology in Medicine and Education. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, Volume 269. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer, 2014, pp. 979-988.
  • [7] Clements-Croome D (editor). Intelligent Buildings: Design, Management and Operation. London, UK: ICE Publishing, 2013.
  • [8] Saeed F, Paul A, Rehman A, Hong WH, Seo H. IoT-based intelligent modeling of smart home environment for fire prevention and safety. Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks. 2018; 7 (1): 11. doi: 10.3390/jsan7010011
  • [9] Qian H, Sun P, Rong Y. Design proposal of self-powered WSN node for battle field Ssurveillance. Procedia Engineering 2012: 16: 753-757.
  • [10] Heinzelman WR, Chandrakasan AP, Balakrishnan H. An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless micro-sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2002; 1 (4): 660-770.
  • [11] Dubalski B, Kiedrowski P. WSN networks with hot potato protocol for automatic meter reading systems: methods of analysis based on graph theory (in polish). Rynek Energii 2010; 5: 48-53.
  • [12] Kaur S, Mir RN. Quality of service in WSN - A review. International Journal of Computer Applications 2015; 113: 42-46.
  • [13] Mansourkiaie F, Ahmed MH. Optimal and near-optimal cooperative routing and power allocation for collision minimization in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Sensors 2016; 16 (5): 1398-1411.
  • [14] Akkaya K, Younis M. A survey on routing protocols for wireless sensor networks. Ad Hoc Networks 2004; 3 (3): 325-349.
  • [15] Gong G, Wang X, Zhu J. A new WSN-based routing optimization in smart distribution grid. In: Jin D, Lin S (editors). Advances in Computer Science and Information Engineering. Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, Volume 168. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 2012, pp. 289-294.
  • [16] Kumar K. Principles and protocols for power control in wireless ad hoc network. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 2005; 23: 76-88.
  • [17] Zabłudowski Ł. Zwiekszenie niezawodnosci transmisji w sieciach WSN w warunkach niskiej emisyjnosci wezlow. PhD, University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland, 2015 (in Polish).
  • [18] Zabłudowski Ł, Marciniak B, Bujnowski S, Lutowski Z, Maszewski M. Analysis of possibilities to limitate the WSN network emissivity at assumed probability of correct transmission. Image Processing and Communications 2017; 22 (2): 27-38.
  • [19] Bujnowski S, Marciniak B, Ledzinski D, Maszewski M, Lutowski Z. Analysis of the possibility of emission reduction for complex WSN networks by the implementation of a larger number of acquisition nodes. Image Processing and Communications 2017; 22 (2): 39-48.
  • [20] Kotsis G. Interconnection Topologies and Routing for Parallel Processing Systems. Technical Report Series Nr. ACPC/TR 92. Vienna, Austria: Austrian Center for Parallel Computation, 1992.
  • [21] Aguirre C, Corbacho F, Huerta R. Statistic and dynamic properties of small-world connection topologies based on transit-stub networks. In: Bouchaud JP, Mézard M, Dalibard J (editors). Complex Systems 14. New York, NY, USA: Complex Systems Publications Inc., 2003, pp. 1-28.
  • [22] Ganesh A, Massoulie L, Towsley D. The effect of network topology on the spread of epidemics. In: IEEE 2005 INFOCOM 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies; Miami, FL, USA; 2005. pp. 1455-1466.
  • [23] Wang WF, Ngoc NTM, Pham HS. Study on a broadband fixed wireless access system based on chordal ring topology. In: IEEE International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications; Hanoi, Vietnam; 2008. pp. 80-83.
  • [24] Junming X. Topological structure and analysis of interconnection networks. New York, NY, USA: Springer Publishing Company Incorporated, 2001.
  • [25] Chen Y, Shen H, Zhan H. Embedding hypercube communications on optical chordal ring networks. In: 31st IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks; Tampa, FL, USA; 2006. pp. 437-442.
  • [26] I-Ping H, Shang-Juh K. Topology discovery for coexisting IPv6 and IPv4 networks. In: 5th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science; Honolulu, HI, USA; 2006. pp. 89-95.
  • [27] Donetti L, Hurtado PI, Munoz MA. Entangled networks, synchronization, and optimal network topology. Physical Review Letters 2005; 95: 1-4. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.187801
  • [28] Magoni D. nem: A software for network topology analysis and modeling. In: Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunications Systems; Fort Worth, TX, USA; 2002. pp. 364-371.
  • [29] Ramaswami R, Sivarajan KN. Design of logical topologies for wavelength-routed optical networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 1996; 14 (5): 840-851. doi: 10.1109/49.510907
  • [30] Albert R, Jeong H, Barabasi AL. Error and attack tolerance of complex networks. Nature 2000; 406: 378-382. doi: 10.1038/35019019
  • [31] Bhatele A, Bohm EJ, Kale LV. Optimizing communication for Charm++ applications by reducing network contention. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience 2011; 23 (2): 211–222. doi: 10.1002/cpe.1637
  • [32] Li B, Tian S, Si S, Ma C. On the simulation of the network topology generator and robustness of the constructed network. In: 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Control and Information Processing; Harbin, China; 2011. pp. 725-728.
  • [33] Tangmunarunkit H, Govindan R, Jamin S, Shenker S, Willinger W. Network topology generators: degree-based vs. structural. In: SIGCOMM 2002, Conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communications; Pittsburgh, PA, USA; 2002. pp. 147-159.
  • [34] Jin X, Yiu WPK, Chan SHG, Wang Y. Network topology inference based on end-to-end measurement. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 2006; 24 (12): 2182-2195. doi: 10.1109/JSAC.2006.884016
  • [35] Borovkov A. Probability Theory. London, UK: Springer-Verlag, 2013.
  • [36] Boryna B, Dubalski B, Kiedrowski P, Zabłudowski A. Errors nature in indoors low power 433 MHz wireless network. In: Choras RS (editor). Image Processing & Communications Challenges 2, Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, Volume 84. London, UK: Springer-Verlag, 2010, pp. 373-389.
  • [37] Faruque S. Free space propagation. In: Gan WS, Kuo CCJ, Zheng TF, Barni M (editors) Springer Briefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering. Basel, Switzerland: Springer, 2015.
  • [38] Sokolowski JA, Banks CM (editors). Principles of Modeling and Simulation: A Multidisciplinary Approach. New York, NY, USA: John Wiley & Sons, 2011.