Zühtü BATI, Uğraş IŞIK, Sabri KIRICI, Nihal AKÇA, Recep Hayrettin SANCAY

Palynomorph, foraminifera, and calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy of Oligo-Miocene sediments in the Muş Basin, Eastern Anatolia, Turkey

Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi sedimanter havzaları biyostratigrafik açıdan yeterince çalışılmadığı için, sedimanter istifin biyo-kronostratigrafik özellikleri tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışmada, söz konusu belirsizliklere çözüm sağlamak amacıyla, Ebulbahar ve Kelereşdere (KD Muş) ölçülmüş stratigrafi kesitlerinden derlenen örneklerde, en üst Rupeliyen-Üst Miyosen/Pliyosen sedimanlarında dınoflagellat biyozonları tanımlanmış ve bu biyozonlar benzer paleocoğrafik kuşaklarda yer alan istiflerde tanımlanan dinoflagellat, foraminifer ve nannopiankton biyozonları ile deneştirilmiştir. Bazı indeks dinoflagellat taksonlarının ilk ortaya çıkışı (FO) ve son görünüşlerine (LO) dayanarak tanımlanan bu dinoflagellat zonları arasında, Wetzeliella gochtiînin LOsunun en üst Rupeliyen; Defiandrea phosphoritica''nın LOsunun en üst Şattiyen, Chiropteridium spp.'nin bolluk zonunun alt ve üst Akitaniyen, Membranilarnacea? picena'ın FOsu tarafından izlenen Hystrichosphaeropsis obscura'nın Fosunun üstbölgesel deneştirilmesi için önemli palinolojik değişimler olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Söz konusu denizel dinoflagellat zonları ile bazı indeks pollenlere dayanarak (Slowakipollenites hipophaeoidesve Mediocolpopollis compactus), Doğu Anadolu Tersiyer çökelleri içindeki startigrafik dağılımları çok iyi bilinmeyen Compositae (tubuliflorae-tip), Umbelliferae ve Gramineae familyalarına ait taksonların stratigrafik dağılımları da kalibre edilmiş, bölgede ilk ortaya çıkışlarının bilinenin aksine Şattiyen, hatta Rupeliyen'e kadar uzandığı ortaya konmuştur. Biyostratigrafik veriler ile organik fasiyes özellikleri birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, Oligosen-Erken Miyosen döneminde çalışılan bölgede deniz seviyesindeki değişimlere bağlı olarak acı sulu gölsel ortamlardan, sığ-derin denizel ortamların etkili olduğu söylenebilir. Geç Oligosen boyunca giderek sığlaşan bir ortamda süren çökelim, Oligosen-Miyosen sınırında ve erken Akitaniyen'de sınırlı denizel ve acı sulu gölsel ortamlarda devam etmektedir. Geç Akitaniyen'deki nispeten derin koşullar erken Burdigaliyen'de meydana gelen sığlaşma nedeni ile geniş yayılımlı resif oluşumları tarafından izlenmiştir. Geç Burdigaliyen-?erken Langiyen'deki son derinleşme fazından sonra ise Muş Havzası'ndan denizin çekilmesi nedeni ile tamamen karasal (gölsel ve flüviyal) çökelim koşulları hakim olmaya başlamıştır. Çalışılan karasal palinomorf taksonları ile yapılan paleoiklimsel değerlendirmeler yıllık ortalama sıcaklıkların (MAT) 15,6-21,3 °C, en soğuk ay sıcaklık ortalamasının (CMT) 5,0-13,3 °C olduğu ılıman-yarıtropik iklim koşullarına işaret etmektedir.

Oligo-Miyosen sedimanlarının palinomorf, foraminifer ve nannoplankton biyostratigrafisi, Muş Havzası, Doğu Anadolu, Türkiye

Oligo-Miocene sediments have not been adequately studied biostratigraphically, and a detailed bio-chronostratigraphic framework has not yet been established in Eastern Anatolian basins. Palynomorphs have therefore been correlated with the biozonations of marine dinoflagellates, planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannoplankton of similar latitudes in combined samples from the Ebulbahar and Kelereşdere measured stratigraphic sections, which are located in the northeastern part of Muş. Palynological (dinoflagellate), foraminiferal micropalaentological, and nannopalaeontological events, correlatable with worldwide defined biozonations, have been documented from uppermost Rupelian to Upper Miocene-Pliocene sediments. First occurrences (FOs) and and last occurrences (LOs) of selected dinoflagellates are important in establishing the biostratigraphic framework. The LO of Wetzeliella gochtii in the latest Rupelian, the LO of Deflandrea phosphoritica in the latest Chattian, peak occurrences of Chiropteridium spp. in the early and late Aquitanian, the FO of Hystrichosphaeropsis obscura, followed by the FO of Membranilarnacea? picena in the late Aquitanian are of particular significance for regional correlations. Based on established marine zonations and the presence of characteristic Oligocene taxa such as Slowakipollenites hipophäeoides and Mediocolpopollis compactus, stratigraphic ranges of relatively less known pollen taxa in the region, especially those of Compositae (tubuliflorae-type), Umbelliferae, Gramineae, considered to have their first occurrences at the beginning of Neogene in earlier studies, have been calibrated. In the light of this study, the Late Oligocene-Early Miocene zonation of some palynomorphs should be emended and the stratigraphic ranges of the Compositae (tubuliflorae-type), Umbelliferae, Gramineae pollen should be extended into the Chattian and even the Rupelian in this region. As far as depositional conditions are concerned, palynomorph and organic facies properties indicate deposition under brackish water, shallow (restricted) and relatively deeper marine conditions related to fluctuating sea level during the Oligocene and Early Miocene. Shallowing-upwards deposition during the Late Oligocene was followed by restricted marine and brackish conditions at the Oligocene-Miocene boundary and in the early Aquitanian. Relatively deeper conditions in the late Aquitanian continued as extensive reef accumulations due to shallowing in the early Burdigalian. Finally, after the last deepening event at the end of Burdigalian and ?early Langian, completely terrestrial (lacustrine and fluvial) deposition predominated in the Muş Basin due to withdrawal of the sea. Terrestrial palynomorphs reflect temperate to subtropical climates in which mean annual temperatures vary between 15.6 and 21.3 °C, and mean temperatures of the coldest month (CMT) were between 5.0 and 13.3 °C.

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