Muhittin GÖRMÜŞ, Yusuf Kağan KADIOĞLU, Muhammed Sami US, Fuzuli YAĞMURLU, Huriye DEMİRCAN

Microborings as indication of cryptic life modes in the foraminifer Orbitoides: Maastrichtian sediments of the Haymana and Nallıhan districts (Ankara, Turkey)

Widespread Maastrichtian siliciclastics and carbonates cropping out in the Haymana (S Ankara) and Nallıhan (NW Ankara)districts in the northwest and central Anatolia basins include rich Orbitoides occurrences. Microborings in the Orbitoides tests areinteresting to notify. In this study, the details of their morphologic structures were investigated. Microborings were analyzed in morethan 650 equatorial thin sections of the Orbitoides tests and 100 hard rock thin sections. The abundance of microborings increases in thesiliciclastics towards the Cretaceous/Palaeogene boundary (K/Pg). They were identified as Maeandropolydora osmaneliensis Nielsen andGörmüş, Maeandropolydora isp. Curvichnus semorbis Nielsen, Oichnus simplex Bromley, Oichnus isp. Maeandropolydora osmaneliensisNielsen and Görmüş. Maeandropolydora isp., semicircular to circular microborings of Curvichnus semorbis Nielsen and Oichnus simplexBromley are related to parasitic life modes. Irregular wider unidentified microborings are hermit type life mode tunnels. Abundance ofthe microborings might be related to shallower siliciclastic environmental conditions such as feeding and suitable Eh-pH, test shape,and easy entrance to the test for parasites. Smaller benthic foraminifera are seen in both microspheric and megalospheric Orbitoidestests as parasites. In conclusion, occurrences of microborings and encrustations are associated with parasitism by appearances ofMaeandropolydora osmaneliensis Nielsen and Görmüş, Curvichnus semorbis Nielsen and Oichnus simplex Bromley and commensallyattachment by microalgae.

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