İnşaat Sektöründeki İş Kazalarının Hata Ağacı Analizi ile Değerlendirilmesi

İnşaat sektörü hem dünyada hem de Türkiye’de en çok iş kazasının yaşandığı sektörlerin başında gelmektedir. Ölüm, yaralanma, sürekli iş görmezlik veya meslek hastalıklarıyla sonuçlanan iş kazalarının nedenlerinin belirlenmesi, iş kazalarına karşı önlemler alınması güncelliğini koruyan önemli bir problemdir. Bu çalışma kapsamında Türkiye’de inşaat sektöründe farklı zamanlarda meydana gelen iş kazalarının ölüm ve yaralanma oranlarından yararlanılarak hata ağacı analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hata ağacının istenmeyen tepe olayı, iş kazası olarak tanımlanmıştır. Hata ağacı yapısı, iş kazalarını ve nedenlerini ilişkilendiren minimum kesme kümelerinden oluşmaktadır. Tümdengelimsel bir yaklaşımla hesaplamaların gerçekleştirildiği hata ağacı analizinde, minimum kesme kümelerinin ve istenmeyen tepe olayın hata olasılığı değerleri hesaplanırken Boolean matematiğinden yararlanılmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında hem iş kazalarının meydana gelme olasılıkları hem de hata olarak tanımlanan iş kazalarının kritik önem faktörleri ortaya konmuştur. İş kazalarına karşı alınacak önlemler sıralamasında, göreceli olarak minimum kesme kümelerinin olasılık değerleri dikkate alınabileceği gibi kritik önem faktörlerinin de bir sıralama ölçütü olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Çalışma, hata ağacı analizinin Türkiye’deki iş kazalarının analizinde etkin bir şekilde kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca bu çalışmada oluşturulan hata ağacı yapısı ile yetkili mercilerin gerekli önlemleri alabilmesi açısından görsel bir model ortaya koyulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İnşaat Sektörü, İş Kazaları, Hata Ağacı Analizi, Risk Analizi

Evaluation of Occupational Accidents in the Construction Industry with Fault Tree Analysis

The majority of the numbers of occupational accidents occurred due to the construction industry both in Turkey and all over the world. Determining the causes of occupational accidents resulting in death, injury, permanent incapacity, or occupational diseases is necessary at present; thus, precautions against occupational accidents can be determined and applied. Fault tree analysis was applied by using the death and injury rates of occupational accidents at different times in the construction industry in Turkey in this study. The undesired top event of the fault tree was defined as an occupational accident. The fault tree structure consists of minimum cut sets relating to occupational accidents and their causes. In fault tree analysis, where calculations were performed with a deductive approach, Boolean algebra calculated the unavailability values of the minimum cut sets and the undesired top event. Both the possibilities of occupational accidents and the critical importance factors of the occupational accidents defined as errors are revealed. It has been concluded that relatively the probability values of the minimal cut sets can be taken into account, and the critical importance factors can be used as a ranking criterion in the order of measures to be taken against occupational accidents. The study displays that fault tree analysis can be used effectively to analyze occupational accidents in Turkey. In addition, with the fault tree structure created in this study, a visual model was presented for the competent authorities to take the necessary precautions.

Keywords:

Construction industry, occupational accidents, fault tree analysis, risk analysis,

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https://www.ilo.org/, Son Erişim Tarihi: 04.07.2021
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