Vapor phase alkylation of toluene using various alcohols over H3PO4/MCM-41 catalyst: Influence of reaction parameters on Vapor phase alkylation of toluene using various alcohols over H3PO4/MCM-41 catalyst: influence of reaction parameters on selectivity and conversion
A mesoporous MCM-41 molecular sieve material with a molar ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 = 70 and loaded with H3PO4 was used as a catalyst for the alkylation of toluene, using various alcohols, namely methanol, iso-propanol, and tert-butanol, as alkylating agents. Para-alkylated toluene was the predominant product, formation of which was enhanced by moderate temperature, low amounts of the alkylating agents in the feed, and high carrier gas flow rate. Time on stream was found to exert a profound effect on the selectivity and conversion to the different products.
Vapor phase alkylation of toluene using various alcohols over H3PO4/MCM-41 catalyst: Influence of reaction parameters on Vapor phase alkylation of toluene using various alcohols over H3PO4/MCM-41 catalyst: influence of reaction parameters on selectivity and conversion
A mesoporous MCM-41 molecular sieve material with a molar ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 = 70 and loaded with H3PO4 was used as a catalyst for the alkylation of toluene, using various alcohols, namely methanol, iso-propanol, and tert-butanol, as alkylating agents. Para-alkylated toluene was the predominant product, formation of which was enhanced by moderate temperature, low amounts of the alkylating agents in the feed, and high carrier gas flow rate. Time on stream was found to exert a profound effect on the selectivity and conversion to the different products.
___
- Olah, G. A. (Ed.), Friedel Crafts and Related Reactions, John Wiley, New York, 1964.
- Othmer, K. Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd ed. 1978, 2, 50.
- Cao, J.; He, N.; Li, C.; Dong, J.; Xu, Q. Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 1998, 117, 461-467.
- Kresge, C. T.; Leonowicz, M. E.; Roth, W. J.; Vartuli, J. C.; Beck, J. S. Nature 1992, 359, 710-712.
- Beck, J. S.; Vartuli, J. C.; Roth, W. J.; Leonowicz, M. E.; Kresge, C. T.; Schmitt, K. D.; Chu, C. T. W.; Olson, D. H.; Sheppard, E. W.; McCullen, S. B.; Higgins, J. B.; Schlenker, J. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10834-10843.
- Behrens, G.; Stucky, G. D. Science 1993, 32, 696-699.
- Feuston, B. P.; Higgins, J. B. J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 4459-4462.
- Corma, A.; Fornez, V.; Navarro, M.T.; Perez-Pariente, J. J. Catal. 1994, 148, 569-574.
- Chen, C. Y.; Li, H. X.; Davis, M. E. Microporous Mater. 1993, 2, 17-26.
- Chen, X.; Huang, L.; Ding, G.; Li, Q. Catal. Lett. 1997, 44, 123-126.
- Stoylkova, T.; Matthae, P.; Bezouhanova, C.; Lechert, H.; Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 1998, 117, 429-436.
- Armengol, E.; Cano, M. L.; Corma, A.; Garcia, H.; Navarro, M. T.; J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1995, 519.
- Armengol, E.; Corma, A.; Garcia, H.; Primo, J. Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 1995, 126, 391.
- Armengol, E.; Corma, A.; Garcia, H.; Primo, J. Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 1997, 149, 411. Le, Q. N. US Patent 1993, 191, 134.
- Gunnewegh, E. A.; Gopie, S. S.; Van Bekkum, H. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 1996, 106, 151.
- Van Bekkum, H.; Hoefnagel, A. J.; Van Koten, M. A.; Gunnewegh, E. A.; Vogt, A. H. G.; Kouwenhoven, H. W. Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 1994, 83, 379.
- Kloetstra, K. R.; Van Bekkum, H. J. Chem. Res. 1995, 1, 26.
- Condon, F. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 3544.
- Simons, J. H.; Hart, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 679.
- Schlatter, M. J.; Clark, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 361.
- Kirrmann, A.; Graves, M. Bull. Soc. Chim. France 1934, 5, 494.
- (a) Beck, J. S.; Haag, W. O.; in: Ertl, G.; Knoezinger, H.; Weitkamp (Eds.), J. Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis, VCH, Weinheim, 1997, 2123.
- (b) Tanabe, K.; Hoelderich, W. F.; Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 1999, 181, 399.
- Ghiaci, M.; Abbaspur, A.; Kia, R.; Belver, C.; Trujillano, R.; Rives, V.; Vicente, M. A. Catalysis Communications , 8, 49. Parry, E. R. J. Catal. 1963, 2, 371.
- Flego, C.; Kiricsi, I.; Perego, C.; Bellussi, G. Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 1995, 99, 2110.
- Emeis, C. A. J. Catal. 1993, 141, 347.
- Pai, S.; Gupta, U.; Chilukuri, S. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 2007, 265, 109.
- Inagaki, S.; Kamino, K.; Kikuchi, E. Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 2007, 318, 22.
- Selvaraj, M.; Lee, T. G. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 2005, 85, 59.
- Breen, J. P.; Burch, R.; Kulkarni, M.; McLaughlin, D.; Collier, P. J.; Golunski, S. E. Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 2007, , 53.