Olcay ŞENDİL, Nabeel MOHAMMED, Güler SOMER

Simultaneous determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) using differential pulse polarography and application to Gerede River

Determination of Cr(III) in the presence of Cr(VI) from one polarogram is not easy. No such procedure was found in the literature. In polarographic studies Cr(III) had a peak only in acidic medium, while Cr(VI) had either 1 or 2 peaks in both acidic and basic solutions. In solutions that contain these 2 ions, the peak obtained in acidic medium for Cr(III) will be the sum of both ions. Thus, Cr(III) cannot be determined directly from one polarogram. In this work, a new and simple polarographic method is established for the determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) by using only one polarogram. The most suitable electrolyte for this purpose was 0.1 M KNO3/HNO3 (pH 2-3). The detection limits were 3 \times 10-7 M for Cr(III) and 1 \times 10-6 M for Cr(VI) in this medium. No interference was observed from most common ions. For validation, a sample containing both Cr(VI) and Cr(III) was analyzed also using 2 polarograms and good agreement was obtained. The proposed newly established direct method is applied to a real sample. For this purpose Gerede River in Turkey, which is surrounded by many leather factories, was analyzed for its chromium content, and agreement with ICP -- OES was very good.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Chromium speciation, Cr(VI) and Cr(III) determination, differential pulse polarography, application to wastewater

Simultaneous determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) using differential pulse polarography and application to Gerede River

Keywords:

Chromium speciation, Cr(VI) and Cr(III) determination, differential pulse polarography, application to wastewater,

PDF

___

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), IARCIARC, Lyon, 49, 1990.
McCleverty, J. A.; Meyer, T. J.; Wedd, A. G. Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry II, Elsevier, Pergamon, Pechova, A.; Pavlata, L. Veterinarni Med. 2007, 52, 1-18.
Themelis, D. G.; Kika, F. S.; Economou, A. Talanta 2006, 64, 132-136.
Narina, I.; Surme, Y.; Soylak, M.; Dogan, M. J. Hazard. Mate. 2006, 85, 156-165.
El-Shahawia, M. S.; Hassanb, S. S. M.; Othmanc, A. M.; Zyadaa, M. A.; El-Sonbatia, M. A. Anal. Chim. Acta ,534, 319-326. Panicheva, N.; Mandiwanaa, T. K.; Kataevab, M.; Siebertc, S. Spectrochim. Acta Part B, 2005, 60, 699-703.
Krishna, M. V. B.; Chandrasekaran, K.: Rao, S. V.; Karunasagar, D.; Arunachalam, J., Talanta 2005, 65, 135-143.
Yal¸cın, S.; Apak, R. Anal. Chim. Acta 2004, 505, 25-35.
Bermejo-Barrera, P.; Barciela-Alonso, M. C.; Perez-Fernandez, B.; Bermejo-Barrera, A. Spectrochim. Acta Part B ,58, 167-173. Liang, P.; Shi, T.; Lu, H.; Jiang, Z.; Hu, B. Spectrochim. Acta Part B 2003, 58, 1709-1714.
Rao, T. P.; Karthikeyan, S.; Vijayalekshmy, B.; Iyer, C. S. P. Anal. Chim. Acta 1998, 369, 69-77.
Collins, C. H.; Pezzin, S. H.; Rivera, J. F. L.; Bonato, P. S.; Windmoller, C. C.; Archundia, C.; Collins, K. E. J. Chromatogr. A. 1997, 789, 469-478.
Girard, L.; Hubert, J. Talanta 1996, 43(11), 1965-1974.
Dom´ınguez, O.; Arcos, M. J. Anal. Chim. Acta 2002, 470, 241-252.
Li, Y.; Xueb, H. Anal. Chim. Acta 2001, 448, 121-134.
Gomez, V.; Callao, M. P. Trends Anal. Chem. 2006, 25, 1006-1015.
Smart, N. G.; Hitchman, M. L.; Ansell, R. O.; Fortune, J. D. Anal. Chim. Acta 1994, 292, 77-80.
Somer, G.; Guliyeva, G.; Ekmekci, G.; S¸endil, O. Can. J. Chem. 2003, 81, 1-6.
Somer, G.; Do˘gan, M. Bioelectrochem. 2008, 74, 96-100.
Yılmaz, ¨U. T.; Somer, G. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2008, 624, 59-63.
Crosmun, S. T.; Mueller, T. R. Anal. Chim. Acta 1975, 75, 199-205.
Cox, J. A.; West, J. L.; Kulesza, P. J. Analyst 1984, 109, 927-930.
Harzdorf, C.; Janser, G. Anal. Chim. Acta 1984, 165, 201-207.
Palrecha, M. M.; Kulkarni, A. V.; Dhaneshwar, R. G. Transactions of the SAEST 1987, 22, 157-162.
Hong, T.; Czae, M. Z. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 1988, 9, 77-80.
Patwardhan, A. A.; Joshi, A. P. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 1988, 65, 441-442.
Hsieh, S. A. K.; Ma, T. S. Mikrochim. Acta 1988, 3, 167-174.
Hsieh, A. K. Plat. Surf. Finish 1990, 77, 58-61.
Korolczuk, M. Anal. Chim. Acta 2000, 414, 165-171.
Meites, L. Polarographic Techniques, Interscience Publishers, 1965.
Chunhua, D.; Zheng, S.; Huiquan, L.; Yi, Z. J. Chem. Eng. Data 2006, 51, 104-106.
Cui, J.; Yi, Z. J. Chem. Eng. Data 2000, 45, 1215-1217.
Olazabal, M. A.; Nikolaidis, N. P.; Suib, S. A.; Madariaga, J. M. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997, 31, 2898-2902.
Mineely, P. J. Thermochim. Acta 1989, 137, 197-204.
Mineely, P. J. Aust. J. Chem. 1988, 41, 263-268.