A hydrogen ion-selective poly (vinyl chloride mebrane electrode based on calix (4)arene as a perchlorate ion-selective electrode
A hydrogen ion-selective poly (vinyl chloride mebrane electrode based on calix (4)arene as a perchlorate ion-selective electrode
A hydrogen ion-selective electrode was prepared using 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,26,27,28-tetracya-nometoxy-calix[4]arene and the possibility of its use as a perchlorate ion-selective electrode was investigated using its characteristic of becoming perchlorate sensitive in acidic regions. The electrode of the optimum characteristic had a composition of 1% ionophore, 66% o-NPOE, and 33% PVC. This electrode exhibited a linear response over the range 1.0 x $10^{-1}$-1.0 x $10^{-5}$ M of perchlorate with a slope of 48.7. ± 0.5- mV per p[Cl04]. The effects of the pH and the membrane composition were also investigated. The lifetime of the electrode was at least 4 months and its response time was 10-15 s. The selectivity coefficients of some anions were calculated by the matched potential method.
___
- 1.M.J. Berrocal, A.Cruz, I.H.A. Badr and L.G. Bachas, Anal. Chem. 72, 5295-5299 (2000). 2.R.S. Hutchins and L.G. Bachas, Anal. Chem. 67, 1654-1660 (1995).
- 3.S.B. Park, W. Matuszewski, M.E. Meyerhoff, Y.H. Liu and K.M. Kadish, Electroanal. 3, 909-916 (1991).
- 4.N.A. Chaniotakis, K. Jurkschat and A. Rühlemann, Anal. Chim. Acta 282, 345-352 (1993).
- 5.K. Perdikaki, I. Tsagkatakis, N.A. Chaniotakis, R. Altmann, K. Jurkschat and G. Reeske, Anal. Chim. Acta 467, 197-204 (2002).
- 6.N.A. Chaniotakis, J.K. Tsagkatakis, K. Jurkschat and R. Willem, React. Funct. Polym. 34, 183-188 (1997).
- 7.G.E. Andredakis, E.A. Moschou, K. Matthaiou, G.E. Froudakis and N.A. Chaniotakis, Anal. Chim. Acta 439, 273-280 (2001).
- 8.W. Simon, W.E. Morf and C. Ammann, in "Calcium Binding Proteins and Calcium Function" (Ed: R. H. Wassermann), Elsevier North-Holland, New York, 1977.
- 9.J.D. Kruse-Jarres, Med. Prog. Technol. 13, 107-130 (1988).
- 10.U. Oesch, D. Ammann and W. Simon, Clin. Chem. 32, 1448-1459 (1986).
- 11.J. Janata and R.J. Huber, in "Ion-S elect ive Electrodes in Analytical Chemistry", Vol. 2 (Ed: H. Fresiser), Plenum Press, New York, 1980.
- 12.Y. Alifragis, G. Konstantinidis, A. Georgakilas and N. Chaniotakis. Electroanal. 17, 527-531 (2005).
- 13.F.P. Schmidtchen and M. Berger, Chem. Rev. 97, 1609-1646 (1997).
- 14.P.D. Beer and P.A. Gale, Angew. Chem; Int. Ed. 40, 486-516 (2001).
- 15.R. Martinez-Mâfiez and F. Sancenön, Chem. Rev. 103, 4419-4476 (2003).
- 16.M.M.G. Antonisse and D.N. Reinhoudt, Electroanal. 11(14), 1035-1048 (1999).
- 17.P. Buhlmann, E. Pretsch and E. Bakker, Chem. Rev. 98, 1593-1688 (1998).
- 18.P.A. Gale, J.L. Sessler, V. Krai and V. Lynch, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118, 5140-5141 (1996).
- 19.P.A. Gale, Z. Chen, M.G.B. Drew, J.A. Heath and P.D. Beer, Polyhedron 17, 405-412 (1998).
- 20.J. Lizondo-Sabater, M.J. Segui, J.M. Lloris, R. Martinez-Mânez, T. Pardo, F. Sancenön and J. Sotoi, Sens. Actuators B 101, 20-27 (2004).
- 21.G. McMahon, S. O'Malley, K. Nolan and D. Diamond, Arkivoc (vii) 23-31 (2003).
- 22.V.V. Egorov and Y.V. Sin'kevich, Talanta 48, 23-38 (1999).
- 23.D. Kuruoğlu, E. Canel, S. Memon, M. Yildiz and E. Kılıç, Anal. Sci. 19, 217-221 (2003).
- 24.A. Demirel, A. Doğan, E. Canel, S. Memon, M. Yılmaz and E. Kılıç, Talanta 62, 123-129 (2004).
- 25.W. Wroblewski, E. Malinowska and Z. Brzözka, Electroanal. 8, 75-78 (1996).
- 26.S.M. Lim, H.J. Chung, K.J. Paeng, C.H. Lee, H.N. Choi and W.Y. Lee, Anal. Chim. Acta 453, 81-88 (2002).
- 27.P.A. Gale, J.L. Sessler, W.E. Allen, N.A. Tvermoes and V. Lynch, Chem. Commun. 665-666 (1997).
- 28.H. James, G. Carmack and H. Freiser, Anal. Chem. 44, 856-857 (1972).
- 29.T. Imato, A. Jyo and N. Ishibashi, Anal. Chem. 52, 1893-1896 (1980).
- 30.M.A.F. Elmosalamy, G.J. Moody, J.D.R. Thomas and S.S.M. Hassan, Anal. Lett. 20, 1541-1555 (1987).
- 31.J. Liu, Y. Masuda and E. Sekido, Analyst 115, 1089-92 (1990).
- 32.A.A. Bunaciu, M.S. Ionescu, N. Budişteanu, A. Dinulescu and V.V. Cosofret, Talanta 39, 1001-1006 (1992).
- 33.J.R. Fernandes, L.T. Kubota, Y. Gushikem and G. de O. Neto, Anal. Lett. 26, 2555-2563 (1993).
- 34.J. Casabo, L. Escriche, C. Perez-Jimenez, J.A. Munoz, F. Teixidor, J. Bausells and A. Errachid, Anal. China. Acta 320, 63-68 (1996).
- 35.A. Errachid, C. Perez-Jimenez, J. Casabo, L. Escriche, J.A. Munoz, A. Bratov and J. Bausells, Sens. Actuators B 43, 206-210 (1997).
- 36.R. Perez-Olmos, A. Rios, M.P. Martin, R.A.S. Lapa and J.L.F.C. Lima, Analyst 124, 97-100 (1999).
- 37.C. Sanchez-Pedreno, J.A. Ortuno and J. Hernandez, Anal. Chirn. Acta 415, 159-164 (2000).
- 38.K.Y.C. Torres, C.A.B. Garcia, J.C.B. Fernandes, G. de O. Neto and L.T. Kubota, Talanta 53, 807-214 (2001).
- 39.M.J. Seguî, J.L. Sabater, R.M. Mânez, F. Sancenön and J. Soto. Analyst 127, 387-390 (2002).
- 40.M.R. Ganjali, M. Yousefi, T. Poursaberi, L. Naji and M.S. Niasari, Electroanal. 15, 1476-1480 (2003).
- 41.M. Shamsipur, A. Soleymanpour, M. Akhond, H. Sharghi and A.R. Hasaninejad, Sens. Actuators B 89,9-14 (2003).
- 42.J.L. Sabater, M.J. Seguî, J.M. Lloris, R.M. Mânez, T. Pardo, F. Sancenön, J. Soto. Sens. Actuators B 101, 20-27 (2004).
- 43.M.M. Ardakani, M. Jalayer, H. Naeimi, H.R. Zare and L. Moradi, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 381, 1186-1192 (2005).
- 44.M.A.Zanjanchi, M. Arvand, M. Akbari, K.Tabatabaeian and G. Zaraei, Sens. Actuators B 113, 304-309 (2006).
- 45.E. Canel, S. Erden, A: Demirel, S. Memon, M. Yılmaz and E. Kılıç, Sens. Actuators B 113, 290-296 (2006).
- 46.M. Yılmaz, Synth. React. Inorg. Met. Org. Chem. 10, 1759-1768 (1998).
- 47.E.M. Collins, M.A. McKervey, E. Madigan, M.B. Moran, M. Owens, G. Fergusan and S.J. Harris, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 3137-3142 (1991).
- 48.R.P. Buck, Anal. Chem. 44, 270R-295R (1972).
- 49.D. Wegmann, H. Weiss, D. Ammann, W.E. Morf, E. Pretsch, K. Sugahara and W. Simon, Microchimica Acta 3, 1-6 (1984).
- 50.A. Evans and A.M. James, "Potentiometry and Ion-Selective Electrodes", New York Wiley & Sons, 1987.
- 51.Y. Umezawa, K. Umezava and H. Sato, Pure and Applied Chem. 67(3), 507-518 (1995).
- 52. S. Daunert, S. Wallace, A. Florido and L.G. Bachas, Anal. Chem. 63, 1676-1679 (1991).