Lixin ZHANG, Mei GAO, Linsen ZHANG, Binzhi LI, Mingyu HAN, Ashok Kumar ALVA, Muhammad ASHRAF

Role of exogenous glycinebetaine and humic acid in mitigating drought stress-induced adverse effects in Malus robusta seedlings

Glycinebetaine (GB) and humic acid (HA) are 2 commercial growth regulators that are being used worldwide to enhance the tolerance of most crops, including fruit trees, to various stresses, including drought stress (DS). Malus robusta Rehder is considered as one of the most important rootstocks for apple in China, but its growth and productivity is believed to be adversely affected by DS. The effects of different concentrations and combinations of GB (0, 100, and 200 mg L1) and HA (0, 500, 1000, and 1500 mg L1) on M. robusta seedling growth, photosynthesis characteristics, osmolyte accumulation, and antioxidant responses were evaluated under DS and non-DS conditions. GB and HA applied exogenously to drought-stressed M. robusta seedlings increased total dry matter, net photosynthetic rate, free proline content, endogenous glycinebetaine content, soluble sugar content, and potassium content as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase. However, GB and HA decreased stomatal conductance and malondialdehyde content. The above-mentioned responses were greater for combined application of GB and HA as compared to application of only GB or HA. The best responses for most of the above parameters were with the application of 100 mg L1 GB and 1500 mg L1 HA. These results suggest that application of GB and HA could mitigate the deleterious effects of DS on Malus seedlings and offer an efficient, economical, and simple means to enhance DS tolerance of the apple rootstock.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Key words: Glycinebetaine, humic acid, photosynthesis, osmolytes, antioxidant responses, drought stress, Malus

Role of exogenous glycinebetaine and humic acid in mitigating drought stress-induced adverse effects in Malus robusta seedlings

Keywords:

Key words: Glycinebetaine, humic acid, photosynthesis, osmolytes, antioxidant responses, drought stress, Malus,

PDF

___

Ashraf M (2009). Biotechnological approach of improving plant salt tolerance using antioxidants as markers. Biotechnol Adv 27: 84–
Ashraf M (2010). Inducing drought tolerance in plants: some recent advances. Biotechnol Adv 28: 169–183.
Ashraf M, Foolad MR (2007). Roles of glycinebetaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress resistance. Environ Exp Bot 59: 206–216.
Aydin A, Kant C, Turan M (2012). Humic acid application alleviate salinity stress of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants decreasing membrane leakage. Afr J Agric Res 7: 1073–1086.
Bai TH, Li CY, Ma FW, Shu HR, Han MY (2009). Exogenous salicylic acid alleviates growth inhibition and oxidative stress induced by hypoxia stress in Malus robusta Rehd. J Plant Growth Regul 28: 358–366.
Baloğlu MC, Kavas M, Aydın G, Öktem HA, Yücel AM (2012). Antioxidative and physiological responses of two sunflower (Helianthus annuus) cultivars under PEG-mediated drought stress. Turk J Bot 36: 707–714.
Bao SD (2000). Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis. Beijing, China: China Agriculture Press.
Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare ID (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil 39: 205–207.
Baysal Furtana G, Duman H, Tıpırdamaz R (2013). Seasonal changes of inorganic and organic osmolytes content in three endemic Limonium species of Lake Tuz (Turkey). Turk J Bot 37: 455– 4
Böhme M, Thi LH (1997). Influence of mineral and organic treatments in the rhizosphere on the growth of tomato plants. Acta Hortic 450: 161–168.
Bradford MM (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72: 248–254.
Chen TH, Murata N (2008). Glycinebetaine: an effective protectant against abiotic stress in plants. Trends Plant Sci 13: 498–505.
Cimrin KM, Türkmen O, Turan M, Tuncer B (2010). Phosphorus and humic acid application alleviate salinity stress of pepper seedlings. Afr J Biotechnol 9: 5845–5851.
Díaz-Zorita M, Fernández-Canigia MV, Grosso GA (2001). Applications of foliar fertilizers containing glycinebetaine improve wheat yields. J Agron Crop Sci 186: 209–215.
Dhindsa RS, Plumb-Dhindsa P, Throne TA (1981). Leaf senescence: correlation with increased levels of membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase. J Exp Bot 32: 93–101.
Gao JF (2000). Experimental Techniques for Plant Physiology. Xi’an, China: World Publishing Corporation.
Greive CM, Grattan SR (1983). Rapid assay for determination of water soluble quarter NRA-amino compounds. Plant Soil 70: 303–307.
Hai SM, Mir S (1998). The lignitic coal derived HA and the prospective utilization in Pakistan’s agriculture and industry. Sci Tech Dev 17: 32–40.
Han ZH (2011). Apple Cultivation with Dwarf Rootstock and High Density-Theory and Practice. Beijing, China: Science Press.
Heath RL, Packer L (1968). Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys 125: 189–198.
Hoagland DR, Arnon DI (1950). The water culture method for growing plants without soils. Calif AES Bull 347: 1–32.
Jie Y (2006). Study on Effects of GB on the Ability of Apple to Drought Resistance and its Mechanism. PhD, Shandong Agriculture University, China.
Kulikova NA, Stepanova EV, Koroleva OV (2005). Mitigating activity of humic substances: direct influence on biota. In: Perminova IV, editor. Use of Humic Substances to Remediate Polluted Environments: From Theory to Practice, NATO Science Series IV: Earth and Environmental Series. Amsterdam: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 365–379.
Nardi S, Pizzeghello D, Muscolo A, Vianello A (2002). Physiological effects of humic substances in plant growth. Soil Biol Biochem 34: 1527–1536.
Pinheiro C, Chaves MM (2010). Photosynthesis and drought: can we make metabolic connections from available data? J Exp Bot 12: 1–
Putter J (1974). Peroxidases. In: Bregmeyer HU, editor. Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. New York: Academic Press, pp. 685–690.
Raza SH, Athar HA, Ashraf M (2007). Glycinebetaine-induced modulation of antioxidant enzymes activities and ion accumulation in two wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Environ Exp Bot 60: 368–376.
Saruhan V, Kusvuran A, Babat S (2011). The effect of different humic acid fertilization on yield and yield components performances of common millet (Panicum miliaceum L.). Sci Res Essays 6: 663–669.
SAS Institute, Inc. (1996). Getting Started with PROC ANOVA. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Institute, Inc.
Sekmen Esen AH, Özgür R, Uzilday B, Tanyolaç ZO, Dinç A (2012). The response of the xerophytic plant Gypsophila aucheri to salt and drought stresses: the role of the antioxidant defence system. Turk J Bot 36: 697–706.
Taiz L, Zeiger E (2002). Plant Physiology, 3rd ed. Sunderland, MA, USA: Sinauer Associates.
Wu LY, Cao BH, Shao W, Xie WK, Li T, Xu D (2011). Effects of PEG stress on seed germination and seedlings physiology of Malus robusta. Shandong Sci 1: 36–39.
Zhang LX, Li SX (2004). Research progress on relationship betaine and drought/salt resistance of plants. Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin 24: 1765–1771.
Zhang LX, Li SX, Liang ZS (2009). Differential plant growth and osmotic effects of two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars to exogenous glycinebetaine application under drought stress. Plant Growth Regul 58: 297–305.
Zhang LX, Gao M, Li SQ, Li SX, Liang ZS (2011). Growth, water status, and photosynthesis in two maize cultivars (Zea mays L.) as affected by supplied nitrogen form and drought stress. Pak J Bot 43: 1995–2001.