Phylogenetic relationships of Elymus L. and related genera (Poaceae) based on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequences

To help in the clarification of the taxonomic status of Elymus L. and related genera Agropyron Gaertn., Leymus Hochst., Hordelymus (Jess.) Harz, and Brachypodium P.Beauv., the sequence diversity in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA was studied. ITS data of 64 Triticeae accessions including 40 Elymus, 12 Agropyron, 7 Leymus, and 4 Hordelymus, and 1 Brachypodium as an out-group were analysed. The molecular diversity statistics indicated that the most diverse genus is Elymus among the studied genera. The constructed phylogenetic tree by the maximum parsimony method revealed that one specimen of Elymus, E. pycnanthus (Godr.) Melderis, clustered with species of Agropyron. Molecular diversity statistics also indicated that E. pycnanthus is distantly related to other species of Elymus, but is closer to Agropyron species. The finding of strong affinity of Elymus to the species of Leymus and Agropyron supports the view that the taxonomy of Elymus is further complicated by the role of hybridisation among different ancestral genera.

Phylogenetic relationships of Elymus L. and related genera (Poaceae) based on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequences

To help in the clarification of the taxonomic status of Elymus L. and related genera Agropyron Gaertn., Leymus Hochst., Hordelymus (Jess.) Harz, and Brachypodium P.Beauv., the sequence diversity in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA was studied. ITS data of 64 Triticeae accessions including 40 Elymus, 12 Agropyron, 7 Leymus, and 4 Hordelymus, and 1 Brachypodium as an out-group were analysed. The molecular diversity statistics indicated that the most diverse genus is Elymus among the studied genera. The constructed phylogenetic tree by the maximum parsimony method revealed that one specimen of Elymus, E. pycnanthus (Godr.) Melderis, clustered with species of Agropyron. Molecular diversity statistics also indicated that E. pycnanthus is distantly related to other species of Elymus, but is closer to Agropyron species. The finding of strong affinity of Elymus to the species of Leymus and Agropyron supports the view that the taxonomy of Elymus is further complicated by the role of hybridisation among different ancestral genera.

___

  • Ainouche ML & Bayer RJ (1997). On the origins of the tetraploid Bromus species (section Bromus, Poaceae): insights from the internal transcribed spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Genome 40: 730 -743.
  • Anamthawat-Jonsson K & Bodvarsdottir SK (2001). Genomic and genetic relationships among species of Leymus (Poaceae: Triticeae) inferred from 18s-26s ribosomal genes. Am J Bot 88: 553-559.
  • Assadi M (1995). Meiotic configuration and chromosome number in some Iranian species of Elymus L. and Agropyron Gaertner (Poaceae: Triticeae). Bot J Linn Soc 117: 159-168.
  • Assadi M & Runemark H (1995). Hybridization, genomic constitution and generic delimitation in Elymus s.l. (Poaceae, Triticeae). Plant Syst Evol 194: 189-205.
  • Baldwin BG, Sanderson MJ, Porter JM, Wojciechowski MF, Campbell CS & Donoghue MJ (1995). The ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA: a valuable source of evidence on angiosperm phylogeny. Ann Mo Bot Gard 82: 247-277.
  • Bentham G (1882). Notes on Gramineae. Bot J Linn Soc 18: 14-134.
  • Blattner FR (2004). Phylogenetic analysis of Hordeum (Poaceae) as inferred by nuclear rDNA ITS sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 33 (2): 289-299.
  • Bothmer R von, Lu B-R & Linde-Laursen I (1994) Intergeneric hybridization and C-banding patterns in Hordelymus (Triticeae, Poaceae). Plant Syst Evol 189: 259-266.
  • Cabi E & Doğan M (2009). A first vouchered wild record for the flora of Turkey: Aegilops juvenalis (Thell.) Eig (Poaceae). Turk J Bot 33: 447-452.
  • Cabi E, Doğan M, Başer B, Us E & Pehlivan S (2009). Morphological and Palynological features of the Dasypyrum (Poaceae) in Turkey. Phytologia Balcanica 15: 393-400.
  • Cabi E, Dogan M, Mavi Ö, Karabacak & E, Başer B (2010a). Elymus sosnowskyi (Hackel) Melderis (Poaceae), a rare endemic species in Turkey. Turk J Bot 34: 105-114.
  • Cabi E, Doğan M & Mavi Ö (2010b). Morphological and anatomical properties of the genus Crithopsis (Poaceae) in Turkey. Biodicon 3: 42-48.
  • Cabi E & Doğan M (2010). Taxonomic study on the genus Eremopyrum (Ledeb.) Jaub. et Spach (Poaceae) in Turkey. Plant Syst Evol 287: 129-140.
  • Chen Q, Conner RL, Laroche A & Thomas JB (1998). Genome analysis of Thinopyrum intermedium and Th. ponticum using genomic in situ hybridization. Genome 41: 580-586.
  • Daniel LN, Kevin PS & Ellen MS (1994). A molecular phylogeny of Arceuthobium (Viscaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences. Am J Bot 81: 1149-1160.
  • Davis PH & Heywood VH (1973). Principles of Angiosperm Taxonomy. Huntington, New York: Robert E. Kieger Publishing Co.
  • Davis PH, Mill RR & Tan K (1988). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 10 (Suppl.) Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Dewey DR (1970). Hybrids and induced amphiploids of Agropyron dasytachyum X Agropyron caninum. Bot Gaz 131: 342-348.
  • Dewey DR (1972). The origin of Agropyron leptourum [= Elymus transhyrcanus (Nevski) Tzvelev] Am J Bot 59: 836-842.
  • Dewey DR (1982). Genomic and phylogenetic relationships among North American perennial Triticeae. In: Estes, J.R. (ed.), Grasses and Grasslands. Oklahoma University Press, Norman, Oklahoma, pp. 51-88.
  • Dewey DR (1984). The genomic system of classification. A guide to intergeneric hybridization with the perennial Triticeae. In: Gustafson, J.P. (ed.), Gene manipulation in Plant Improvement. 16th Stadler Genetics Symposium. Plenum Publishing Corp, New York, pp. 209-280.
  • Doğan M (1988). A scanning electron microscope survey of lemma in Phleum, Pseudophleum and Rhizocephalus (Gramineae) Notes RGB Edinburgh 45: 117-124.
  • Doğan M (1991). Taxonomic significance of vegetative and floral morphologies in the genus Alopecurus L. (Gramineae). Turk J Bot 15: 124-132.
  • Doğan M (1992). Assessment of the morphological variation by means of numerical taxonomy in Alopecurus (Gramineae), Flora et Vegetatio Mundi 9: 75-81.
  • Doğan M (1997). Numerical taxonomic study on the genus Alopecurus L. Gramineae), The Herb Journal of Systematic Botany 4: 71-76.
  • Doğan M (1999). A concise taxonomic revision of Alopecurus L. (Gramineae). Turk J Bot 23: 245-262.
  • Doyle JJ & Doyle JL (1987). A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochem Bull 19: 11-15.
  • Gaut BS (2002). Evolutionary dynamics of grass genomes. New Phytol 154: 15-28.
  • Güner A, Özhatay N, Ekim T & Baser KHC (2000). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 11 (Suppl.) Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ Press.
  • Hamby RK & Zimmer EA (1992). Ribosomal RNA as a phylogenetic tool in plant systematics. In PS Soltis, DE Soltis and JJ Doyle (eds.), Molecular Systematics of Plants. 50-91. Chapman and Hall, New York, NY.
  • Hao G, Yuan YM, Hu CM, Ge XJ & Zhao NX (2004). Molecular phylogeny of Lysimachia (Myrsinaceae) based on chloroplast trnL-F and nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 31: 323-339.
  • Helfgott DM & Mason-Gamer RJ (2004). The evolution of North American Elymus (Triticeae, Poaceae) allotetraploids: Evidence from phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene sequences. Syst Bot 29: 850-861.
  • Hillis DM & MT Dixon (1991). Ribosomal DNA: molecular evolution and phylogenetic inference. Q Rev Biol 66: 411-453.
  • Hitchcock AS & Green ML (1929). Standard-species of Linnean genera of Phanerogamae (1753-54). pp. 110-199 in Nomenclature: Proposal by British Botanists. Wyman & Sons, London.
  • Hitchcock AS (1951). Tribe 3. Hordeae. In: Manual of the Grasses of the United States. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C, pp. 230-280.
  • Holmgren PK, Holmgren NH & Barnett LC (eds.) (1990). Index Herbariorum. Part I: The Herbaria of the World. Vol. 120. New York: New York Botanical Garden.
  • Hsiao C, Chatterton NJ, Asay KH & Jensen KB (1995). Phylogenetic relationships of the monogenomic species of the wheat tribe, Triticeae (Poaceae), inferred from nuclear rDNA (internal transcribed spacer) sequences. Genome 38: 221-223.
  • Jensen KB & Asay KH (1996). Cytology and morphology of Elymus hoffmanni (Poaceae: Triticeae): a new species from the Erzurum province of Turkey. Int J Plant Sci 157: 750-758.
  • Joseph N, Krauskopf E, Vera ME & Michot B (1999). Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) exhibits a common core of secondary structure in vertebrates and yeast. Nucleic Acids Res 27: 4533-4540.
  • Keng YL (1959). Flora Illustralis Plantarum Primarum Sinicarum (Gramineae). Science Press, Beijing.
  • Kim KJ & Mabry TJ (1991). Pylogenetic and evolutionary implications of nuclear ribosomal DNA variation in dwarf dandelions (Krigia, Lactuceae, Asteraceae). Plant Syst Evol 177: 53-69.
  • Liang WO & Fournier JM (1997). Synthesis of functional eukaryotic ribosomal RNA in Trans: Development of a novel in vivo nrDNA system for dissecting ribosome biogenesis. P Natl Acad- Sci-Biol 94: 2864-2868.
  • Linnaeus C (1753). Species Plantarum. Facsimile edition.
  • Liu ZW & Wang RRC. (1993). Genome analysis of Elytrigia caespitosa, Lophopyrum nodosum, Pseudoroegneria geniculata subsp. scythica, and Thinopyrum intermedium. Genome 36: 102-111.
  • Liu Q, Ge S, Tang H, Zhang X, Zhu G & Lu BR (2006). Phylogenetic relationships in Elymus (Poaceae: Triticeae) based on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast trnL-F sequences. New Phytol 170: 411-420.
  • Löve A (1984). Conspectus of the Triticeae. Feddes Repert 95: 425- 521.
  • Löve A (1986). Some taxonomical adjustments in eurasiatic wheatgrasses. Veroeff Geobot Inst Eidg Tech Hochsch Stift Ruebel, Zuer 87: 43-52.
  • Lu BR (1994). The genus Elymus L. in Asia. Taxonomy and biosystematics with special reference to genomic relationships. In: Wang RRC, Jensen KB, Jaussi C, eds. Proceedings of the 2nd International Triticeae Symposium. Logan, UT, USA. Logan, UT, USA: The Utah State University Press 219-233.
  • Mahelka V, Fehrer J, Krahulec F & Jarolimova V (2007). Recent natural hybridization between two allopolyploid wheatgrasses (Elytrigia, Poaceae): ecological and evolutionary implications. Ann Bot-London 100: 249-260.
  • Melderis A (1985). Elymus L., In Davis PH (ed.). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 9. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ Press, pp. 206-227.
  • Muster W, Boon K & Vander Sande AFM (1990). Functional analysis of transcribed spacers of yeast ribosomal DNA. Embo J 9: 3989- 4996.
  • Nei M (1973). Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. P Natl Acad Sci Biol 70: 3321-3323.
  • Nevski SA (1934). Tribe XIV. Hordeae Benth. pp. 469-579 in VL Komarov (ed.), Flora of the U.S.S.R. Vol. 2. Botanical Institute of the Academy of Science of U.S.S.R., Leningrad.
  • Özler H, Cabi E, Us E, Doğan M & Pehlivan S (2009). Pollen morphology of Agropyron Gaertner in Turkey. Bangladesh J Pl Taxon 16: 21-28.
  • Refoufi A, Jahier J & Esnault MA (2001). Genome analysis of Elytrigia pycnantha and Thinopyrum junceiforme and of their putative natural hybrid using GISH technique. Genome 44: 708-715.
  • Runemark H & Heneen WK (1968). Elymus and Agropyron, a problem of generic delimitation. Bot Notiser 121: 51-79.
  • Sha LN, Yang RW, Fan X, Wang XL & Zhou YH (2008). Phylogenetic analysis of Leymus (Poaceae: Triticeae) inferred from nuclear rDNA ITS sequences. Biochem Genet 46: 605-619.
  • Soltis DE & Soltis PS (1999). Polyploidy: recurrent formation and genome evolution. Trends Ecol Evol 14: 348-352.
  • Soltis DE, Soltis PS & Tate JA (2003). Advances in the study of polyploidy since plant speciation. New Phytol 161: 173-191.
  • Stebbins GL Jr (1956). Taxonomy and evolution of genera with special reference to the family Gramineae. Evolution 10: 235-245.
  • Swofford DL (2003). PAUP: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony. Version 4.0b10. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, USA.
  • Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M & Kumar S (2007). MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 24: 1596-1599.
  • Thompson JD, Plewniak F & Poch O (1999). A comprehensive comparison of multiple sequence alignment programs. Nucleic Acids Res 27: 2682-2690.
  • Torres RA, Gunal M & Humleben V (1990). GC balance in the International Transcribed Spacers ITS1 and ITS2 of nuclear ribosomal RNA genes. J Mol Evol 30: 170-181.
  • Tzvelev NN (1976). Tribe 3. Triticeae Dumort. In: Fedorov AA (ed.), Poaceae URSS. Navka Publishing House, Leningrad, pp. 147- 181.
  • Wang RR-C (1985). Genomic analysis of Thinopyrum bessarabicum and T. elongatum. Canad J Genet Cytol 27: 722-728
  • Wang RR-C, Dewey DR, & Hsiao C (1986). Genome analysis of the tetraploid Pseudoroegneria tauri. Crop Sci 26: 723-727.
  • Wang RR-C (1992). Genome relationships in the perennial Triticeae based on diploid hybrids and beyond. Hereditas 116: 133-136.
  • Wendel JF, Schnabel A & Seelanan T (1995). Bi-directional interlocus concerted evolution following allopolyploid speciation in cotton (Gossypium). P Natl Acad Sci Biol 92: 280-284.
  • Wendel JF (2000). Genome evolution in polyploids. Plant Mol Biol 42: 225-249.
  • White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S & Taylor J (1990). Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics In M Innis, D Gelfand, J Sninsky and T White (eds.), PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. 315-322. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.
  • Yen C, Yang JL & Yen Y (2005). Hitoshi Kihara, Askell Löve and the modern genetic concept of the genera in the tribe Triticeae (Poaceae). Acta Phytotaxon Sin 43: 82-93.
  • Zhang W, Qu LJ, Gu H, Gao W, Liu M, Chen J & Chen Z (2002). Studies on the origin and evolution of tetraploid wheats based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Theor Appl Genet 104: 1099-1106.
  • Zhang C, Fan X, Yu HQ, Zeng J, Zhang HQ, Wang XL & Zhou YH (2009). Phylogenetic relationships among the species of Elymus sensu lato in Triticeae (Poaceae) based on nuclear rDNA ITS sequences. Russ J Genet 45: 696-706.
Turkish Journal of Botany-Cover
  • ISSN: 1300-008X
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 6 Sayı
  • Yayıncı: TÜBİTAK