On the Taxonomy of Plantaginaceae Juss. Sensu Lato: evidence from SEM of the Seed Coat

SEM of the seed coat was studied in 41 taxa of the Plantaginaceae sensu lato. The study included 31 taxa of Plantago L. and 10 taxa that were formerly assigned to the Scrophulariaceae, representing the genera Antirrhinum L., Digitalis L., Linaria Mill. and Veronica L. The obtained data were analysed by the NT sys-PC program package using the UPGMA clustering method. The study showed that Veronica possessed certain affinities to Plantago species, thus giving extra support to earlier views that Plantaginaceae sensu stricto and Scrophulariaceae sensu lato are allied through Veronica. The study also favoured the paraphyly of Plantago subgenus Albicans sensu Rahn (1996) and the retention of P. camtschatica Link. subgenus Plantago L. and P. alpina L. , P. crassifolia Forssk. and P. salsa Pall. subgenus Coronopus (Lam. & DC.) Rahn as distinct taxa. The monophyly of Plantaginaceae sensu lato was reassessed to a certain extent.

On the Taxonomy of Plantaginaceae Juss. Sensu Lato: evidence from SEM of the Seed Coat

SEM of the seed coat was studied in 41 taxa of the Plantaginaceae sensu lato. The study included 31 taxa of Plantago L. and 10 taxa that were formerly assigned to the Scrophulariaceae, representing the genera Antirrhinum L., Digitalis L., Linaria Mill. and Veronica L. The obtained data were analysed by the NT sys-PC program package using the UPGMA clustering method. The study showed that Veronica possessed certain affinities to Plantago species, thus giving extra support to earlier views that Plantaginaceae sensu stricto and Scrophulariaceae sensu lato are allied through Veronica. The study also favoured the paraphyly of Plantago subgenus Albicans sensu Rahn (1996) and the retention of P. camtschatica Link. subgenus Plantago L. and P. alpina L. , P. crassifolia Forssk. and P. salsa Pall. subgenus Coronopus (Lam. & DC.) Rahn as distinct taxa. The monophyly of Plantaginaceae sensu lato was reassessed to a certain extent.

___

  • Albach DC, Martinez-Oetega MM, Fischer MA & Chase MW (2004). A new classification of the tribe Veroniceae, problems and a possible solution. Taxon 53: 429-452.
  • Andrzejewska-Golec E (1992a). Hair morphology in Plantago sect. Coronopus (Plantaginaceae). Pl Syst Evol 179: 107-113.
  • Andrzejewska-Golec E (1992b). Ontogeny of trichomes in taxa of genus Plantago L. subgenus Plantago. Acta Soc Bot Pol 60: 249-258.
  • APG (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group) (2003). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG 11. Bot J Linn Soc 141: 399- 436.
  • Badr SF (1999). Cytological and electrophoretic relationships of some Plantago L. species. Taeckholmia 19: 27-36.
  • Barthlott W (1981). Epidermal and seed surface characters of plants: Systematic applicability and some evolutionary aspects. Nord J Bot 1: 345-355.
  • Bentham G & Hooker JD (1876). Genera Plantarum Vol. II. London: Lowel Reeve.
  • Chater AO & Cartier D (1976). Plantago L. In Tutin et al (eds.). Flora Europaea, volume 4. pp. 38-44. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Corner EJH (1976). The Seeds of Dicotyledons. Vol. (1 and 2). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cronquist A (1981). An integrated system of classification of flowering plants. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Gaebel K (1933). Organographie der Pflanzen. Vol. III Jena.
  • Hallier H (1912). L’origine et le systeme phyletique des angiosperms. Arch Neeri Sci 1: 146-234.
  • Hamoud MA, Badr A, Badr S & Elkington TT (1993). Variation in 4C DNA content as related to cytological features of some species of Plantago L. Taeckholmia 14: 79-92.
  • Heywood VH (2001). Floristics and monography- an uncertain future? Taxon 50: 361-380.
  • Heywood VH (ed.) (1993). Flowering plants of the world, P. 241. Oxford: Andromeda, Ltd.
  • Hosny A & Waly NM (2001). Plantaginaceae in the flora of Egypt 1, systematic revision of the indigenous taxa. Taeckholmia 21: 239- 255.
  • Judd WS, Campbell CS, Kellogg EA & Skevens PE (1999). Plant Systematics, A phylogenetic Approach, pp. 373-375. USA: Sinauer Associates Inc.
  • Kamel WM (2003). Plantaginaceae in the flora of Egypt: 2. Taxonomic significance of seed characters. Taeckholmia 23: 97-110.
  • Mabberley DJ (1997). The plant-book, a portable dictionary of the vascular plants. 2ndEd. p. 564, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Matsu K & Noguchi J (1989). Karyotype analysis of several Plantago species in Japan with special reference to the taxonomic status of Plantago japonica. J Phytogeogr Taxon 37: 27-35.
  • Misra RC (1964a): Ovule in Plantago. Curr Sci 33: 438-439.
  • Misra RC (1964b): Development and structure of angiosperm seed. 111. Plantago L. Bull Natn Bot Gdn (105).
  • Olmstead RG & Reeves PA (1995). Evidence for the polyphyly of the Scrophulariaceae based on chloroplast rbcl and ndhf sequences. Ann Missouri Bot Gard 82: 176-193.
  • Olmstead RG, Bremer B, Scott KM & Palmer JD (1993). A parsimony analysis of the Asteridae sensus lato based on rbcl sequences. Ann Missouri Bot Gard 80: 700-722.
  • Olmstead RG, Michaels HJ, Scott KM & Palmer JD (1992a). Monophyly on the Asteridae and identification of their major lineages inferred from DNA sequences of rbcL. Ann Missouri Bot Gard 79: 249- 265.
  • Olmstead RG, Scott KM & Palmer JD (1992b). A chloroplast DNA phylogeny for the Asteridae: Implication for the Lamiales. In Harley RM & Reynolds T (eds.). Advances in Labiatae Science, PP. 19-25. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.
  • Park CH & Kim YS (1998). Taxonomic study on Plantago L. (Plantaginaceae) in Korea based on external morphology. Korean J Pl Taxon 28: 151-170.
  • Pilger R (1937). Plantaginaceae pp. 1-466. In: Engler A (ed.) Das Pflanzenreich. Berlin: Engelmann Verlag.
  • Pramanik S & Sen-Raychaudhuri S (1997). DNA content, chromosome composition, and isozyme patterns in Plantago L. Bot Rev 63: 124-139.
  • Rahn K (1978). Nomenclatorial changes within the genus Plantago L., Infraspecific Taxa and subdivisions of the genus. Bot Tidsskrift 73: 106-111.
  • Rahn K (1996). A phylogenetic study of the Plantaginaceae. Bot J Linn Soc 120: 145-198.
  • Rezk MR (1980). Seed structure as a phylogenetic criterion: a case of Plantago seed. Egypt J Bot 23: 51-62.
  • Rezk MR (1987). Variation in seed coat microsculpture in five species of Plantago. Alex Sci Exch 8: 57-71.
  • Rohlf FJ (1989). NT sys-PC, Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariant Analysis System. New York: Exeter Pub. Ltd.
  • Ronsted N, Chase MW, Albach DC & Bello MA (2002). Phylogenetic relationships within Plantago (Plantaginaceae): evidence from nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid trnl-F sequence data. Bot J Linn Soc 139: 323-338.
  • Saad SI (1986). Palynological studies in the genus Plantago L. (Plantaginaceae). Pollen et Spores 28: 43-60.
  • Sachs J (1882). Text-Book of Botany. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Stearn WT (1966). Botanical Latin. pp. 506-507. London: Nelson and Sons.
  • Takhtajan A (1980). Outline of the classification of flowering plants. Bot Rev 46: 226-359.
  • Wagstaff SJ & Olmstead RG (1996). Phylogeny of Labiatae and Verbenaceae inferred from rbcL. Sequences. Syst Bot 22: 165- 179.
  • Warming E (1913). Observations sur la valeur systematique de l’ovule, (Mindeskr, F. Japetus Skeenstrup, Kjobenkaven). Copenhagen: Bianco Lunus.
  • Wettstein R (1935). Handbuch der systematischen Botanik. Wien & Leipzip: Franz Deuticke.