P. BASKARAN, B. Raja RAJESWARI, N. JAYABALAN

Development of an In Vitro Regeneration System in Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] Using Root Transverse Thin Cell Layers (tTCLs)

An efficient and reproducible plant regeneration system was developed from cells or tissues of agronomically important Indian sorghum genotypes including 2 commercial cultivars (NSH27 & K8) of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Callus induction and plant regeneration were achieved on transverse thin cell layers (tTCL) of roots from aseptically germinated 7-day-old seedlings. Callus response depended on the genotype, the concentrations and composition of growth substances and number of in vitro regeneration cycles undergone by the donor plant. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.5-18.1 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), 5.4-21.5 µM naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 5.7-22.8 µM indole acetic acid (IAA) and 4.9-19.7 µM indole butyric acid (IBA), and combined with 10% (v/v) coconut water (CW) was used for callus induction. The calli were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2.2-17.8 µM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) combined with 2.3 µM 2,4-D or 2.7 µM NAA. Highly efficient differentiations of multiple shoot buds were initiated within 4 weeks of culture. Root induction was achieved on half-strength MS medium containing IAA (2.9-28.5 µM). Rooted plants were successfully acclimatised, with the survival rate reaching almost 80%. These plants grew normally without showing any morphological variation.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Callus induction, coconut water, hardened plant, MS medium, plant growth regulators, regeneration, rooting

Development of an In Vitro Regeneration System in Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] Using Root Transverse Thin Cell Layers (tTCLs)

Keywords:

Callus induction, coconut water, hardened plant, MS medium, plant growth regulators, regeneration, rooting,

PDF

___

Abubachker MN & Murugesan NP (1999). In vitro organogenesis of various explants of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Sweet sorghum). Plant Tiss Cult 9: 173-176.
Arti P, Devi DR & Murty VR (1994). Embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration in forage Sorghum. Cereal Res Com 22: 71- 77.
Baskaran P & Jayabalan N. (2005). A simple approach to improve plant regeneration from callus culture of Sorghum bicolor for crop improvement. J Agri Biotech 1: 179-192.
Bhaskaran S, Rigoldi M & Smith RH (1992). Developmental potential of Sorghum shoot apices in culture. Journal of Plant Physiology 140: 481-484.
Bui VL, Nghieng Thao DM, Jeanneau M, Sadik S, Tu S, Vidal J & Tran thanh Van K (1998a). Rapid plant regeneration of a C4 dicot species: Amaranthus edulis. Plant Sci 132: 45-54.
Carter O, Yamada Y & Takahashi E (1967). Tissue culture of oats. Nature 214: 1029-1030.
Constantine D (1978). Round Table Conference, Gembloux, Belgium. pp 134.
Elkonin LA, Lopushanskaya RF & Pakhomova NV (1996). Embryogenic callus of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) by amino acids. Maydica 40: 153-157.
Gamborg OL, Shyluk JP, Brar DS & Constable F (1977). Morphogenesis and plant regeneration from callus of immature embryos of sorghum. Plant Sci Lett 10: 67-74.
Gomez KA & Gomez AA (1976). Statistical procedures for agricultural research with emphasis on rice. Los Banos, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute.
Hagio T (1994). Varietal difference of plant regeneration from callus of sorghum mature seed. Breeding Science 44: 121-126.
Hagio T (2002). Adventitious shoot regeneration from immature embryos of sorghum. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 68: 65-72.
Hosokawa K, Nakano M, Oikawa Y & Yamamura S (1996). Adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf, stem and root explants of commercial cultivars Gentiana. Plant Cell Rep 15: 578-581.
Inoue M & Maeda E (1980). Effects of auxins and cytokinins on the occurrence of green regions in rice callus cultures. Jpn J Crop Sci 49: 167-174.
Jaime A & Teixeira da Silva (2003). Thin Cell Layer technology in ornamental plant micropropagation and biotechnology. African Journal of Biotechnology 2: 683-691.
Ma H, GU M & Liang G.H (1987). Plant regeneration from cultured immature embryos of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Theor App Genet 73: 389-394.
Mamun MA, Sikdar MBH, Dipak Kumar Paul, Mizanur Rahman & Rezuanul Islam (2004). Invitro micropropagation of some important sugarcane varieties of Bangladesh. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 3: 666-669.
Maqbool SB, Devi P, Sticklen MB (2001). Biotechnology: Genetic improvement of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 37: 504-515.
Mascarenhas AF, Sayagaver BM & Jagannathan V (1965). Studies on the growth of callus cultures of Zea mays. In: Ramkrishnan cv (ed.). Tissue Culture seminar Proceedings, University Of Baroda, India, The Hague (Netherlands): W. Junk Publ. pp. 283.
Masteller VJ & Holden DJ (1970). The growth of and organ formation from callus tissue of Sorghum. Plant Physiol 45: 362-364.
Mishra A, Khurana P (2003). Genotype dependent somatic embryogenesis and regeneration from leaf base cultures of Sorghum bicolor. J of Plant Biochem Biotech 12: 53-56.
Murray WN, James WH, Thomas AD & Kirby JD (1983). Long-duration, high frequency plant regeneration from cereal tissue cultures. Planta 157: 385-391.
Nabors MW, Kroskey CS & McHugh DM (1982). Green spots are predictors of high callus growth rates and shoot formation in normal and in salt stressed tissue cultures of oat (Avena sativa L.) Z Pflanzenphysiol 105: 341-349.
Nguyen TV, Godwin ID, Able JA, Gray SJ & Rathus C (1998). Effect of plant growth regulators on embryogenic callus formation and growth in vitro of grain Sorghum. International Sorghum and Millets News letter (India). 39: 88-90. Dordrecht, the Netherlands.
Nirwan RS & Kothari SL (2003). High copper levels improve callus induction and plant regeneration in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 39: 161-164.
Nirwan RS, Kothari SL (2004). High frequency shoot organogenesis in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. J of Plant Biochem Biotech 13: 149-152.
Ogura H & Shimada T (1978). Preliminary report on shoot redifferentiation from wheat callus. Wheat Inf Serv 45:: 26-28.
Ohki S (1994). Scanning electron microscopy of shoot differentiation in vitro from leaf explants of the African violet. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 36: 157-162.
Patil Vishwanath M & Kuruvinashetti MS (1998). Plant regeneration from leaf sheath cultures of some rabi sorghum cultivars. South African Journal of Botany 64 (3): 217-219.
Pelissier B, Bouchefra O, Pepin R & Freyssinet G (1990). Production of isolated Somatic embryos from sunflower thin cell layers. Plant Cell Rep 9: 47-50.
Raghavendra Rao RV, Pavan Kumar G, Subba Rao MV & Manga V (2000). Differential in vitro response of genotypes of Sorghum. Phytomorph 50: 253-260.
Saradamani N, Muralimohan S, Sudhakar RP & Dora (2003). In vitro morphogenesis in cultivated varieties of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology 4: 43- 48.
Shimada T & Yamada Y (1979). Wheat plants regenerated from embryo cell cultures. Jpn J Genet 54: 379-385.
Skirvin RM, Chu MC & Rukan H (1980). An improved medium for the in vitro rooting of Harbrite peach. Proc III State Hortic Soc113: 30-38.
Stefaniak B (1994). Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of Gladiolus. Plant Cell Rep 13: 386-389.
Teixeira da Silva JA (2003). Tissue culture and cryopreservation of chrysanthemum: a review. Biotechnol Adv 21: 715-766.
Teixeira da Silva JA & Fukai S (2003). Chrysanthemum organogenesis through thin cell layer technology and plant growth regulator control. Asian J Plant Sci 2: 505-514.
Thomas E, King PJ & Portykus I (1977). Shoot and embryo-like structure formation from cultured tissues of Sorghum bicolor. Naturwissenschaften 64: 587.
Trione EJ, Jones LE & Metzger RJ (1968). In vitro culture of somatic wheat callus tissue. Amer J Bot 55: 529-531.
Yatazwa M, Furuhashi K & Shimizu M (1967). Growth of callus tissue from rice root in vitro. Plant Cell Physiol 8: 363-373.
Zhong H, Wang W & Sticklen M (1998). In vitro regeneration of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench: efficient plant regeneration from shoot apices. J Plant Physiol 153: 719-726.