Hui-Ping DAI, Chan-Juan SHAN, Genliang JIA, Chao LU, Tu-Xi YANG, An-Zhi WEI

Cadmium detoxification in Populus × canescens

Cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metals and affects all viable cells, even at low concentrations. It is introduced to agricultural soils mainly by phosphate fertilisers and causes many toxic symptoms in cells. Phytochelatins (PCs) are heavy metal-binding peptides that play an important role in sequestration and detoxification of heavy metals in plants. In this study, after a 12-week cultivation, the plants were treated with 5 CdSO47 H2O concentrations of 0 (control), 10, 30, 50, and 70 µM for 28 days. The effects of Cd on growth and on glutathione (GSH) and PC contents were investigated in the roots, bark, wood, and leaves of Populus × canescens. The accumulation of Cd increased with external Cd concentrations. The accumulation of Cd in roots was higher than that in bark, wood, and leaves. Dry mass production of different tissues decreased under Cd treatment, especially for leaves. In roots, bark, wood, and leaves, exposure to Cd caused an appreciable decline in GSH contents and an increase in PC synthesis proportional to Cd concentrations in the growth medium. At the same Cd concentration, PC production was higher in roots than in bark, wood, and leaves. Taken together, the majority of Cd was accumulated by Populus × canescens roots in the form of a Cd-PC complex.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Key words: Cadmium accumulation, cadmium tolerance, glutathione, phytochelatins

Cadmium detoxification in Populus × canescens

Keywords:

Key words: Cadmium accumulation, cadmium tolerance, glutathione, phytochelatins,

PDF

___

Benavides MP, Gallego SM & Tomaro ML (2005). Cadmium toxicity in plants. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 17: 21–34.
Brune A, Urbach W & Dietz KJ (1995). Differential toxicity of heavy metals is partly related to a loss of preferential extraplasmic compartmentation: a comparison of Cd, Mo, Ni, and Zn-stress. New Phytologist 129: 403–409.
Cánovas D, Vooijs R, Schat H & de Lorenzo V (2004). The role of thiol species in the hypertolerance of Aspergillus sp. P37 to arsenic. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 279: 51234–51240.
Clemens S (2006). Evolution and function of phytochelatin synthase. Journal of Plant Physiology 163: 319–332.
Cobbett CS (2000a). Phytochelatin biosynthesis and function in heavy metal detoxification. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 3: 211–216.
Cobbett CS (2000b). Phytochelatins and their roles in heavy metal detoxification. Plant Physiology 123: 825–832.
Dai HP, Jia GL, Feng SJ, Wei AZ, Song H, Yang TX & Wang CF (2011). Phytoremediation with transgenic poplar. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment 9: 710–713.
Dai HP, Jia GL, Gao PX, Chen JW, Wei Y, Yang TX, Wang CF, Wang Y, Sa WQ & Wei AZ (2012a). Influence of photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis on Cd accumulation in Populus × canescens. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment 10: 1020–1023.
Dai HP, Shan CJ, Jia GL, Yang TX, Wei AZ, Zhao H, Wu SQ, Huo KK, Chen WQ & Cao XY (2013). Responses to cadmium tolerance, accumulation and translocation in Populus × canescens. Water, Air & Soil Pollution 224–1504.
Dai HP, Shan CJ, Lu C, Jia GL, Wei AZ, Sa WQ & Yang TX (2012b). Response of antioxidant enzymes in Populus × canescens under cadmium stress. Pakistan Journal of Botany 44: 1943–1949.
Dai HP, Wei Y, Yang TX, Sa WQ & Wei AZ (2012c). Influence of cadmium stress on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics in Populus × canescens. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment 10: 1281–1283.
Griffith OW (1980). Determination of glutathione and glutathione disulphide using glutathione reductase and 2-vinyl pyridine. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry 106: 207–211.
Grill E, Löffler S, Winnacker EL & Zenk MH (1989). Phytochelatins, the heavy-metal binding peptides of plants, are synthesized from glutathione by a specific glutamylcysteine dipeptidyl transpeptidase (phytochelatin synthase). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 86: 6838–6842.
Grill E, Winnacker EL & Zenk MH (1985). Phytochelatins: the principal heavy-metal complexing peptides of higher plants. Science 230: 647–676.
Leplé JC, Brasileiro ACM, Michel MF, Delmotte F & Jouanin L (1992). Transgenic poplars expression of chimeric genes using four different constructs. Plant Cell Reports 11: 137–141.
Maughan S & Foyer CH (2006). Engineering and genetic approaches to modulating the glutathione network in plants.
Plant Physiology 126: 382–397. May MJ, Vernoux T, Leaver C, Montagu MV & Inzé D (1998). Glutathione homeostasis in plants: implications for environmental sensing and plant development. Journal of Experimental Botany 49: 649–667.
Namdjoyan S, Namdjoyan S & Kermanian H (2012). Induction of phytochelatin and responses of antioxidants under cadmium stress in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seedlings. Turkish
Journal of Botany 36: 495–502. Pal R & Rai JPN (2010). Phytochelatins: peptides involved in heavy metal detoxification. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 160: 945–963.
Prashant KR & Girjesh K (2010). The genotoxic potential of two heavy metals in inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.). Turkish
Journal of Botany 34: 39–46. Schützendübel A, Schwanz P, Teichmann T, Gross K, LangenfeldHeyser R, Godbold DL & Polle A (2001). Cadmium-induced changes in antioxidative systems, hydrogen peroxide content, and differentiation in Scots pine roots. Plant Physiology 127: 887–898.
Shamsi I, Jilani G, Zhang G & Kang W (2008). Interactive effects of cadmium and aluminum on growth and antioxidative enzymes in soybean. Biologia Plantarum 52: 165–169.
Szalai G, Kellős T, Galiba G & Kocsy G (2009). Glutathione as an antioxidant and regulatory molecule in plants under abiotic stress conditions. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 28: 66–80.
Tran TA & Popova LP (2013). Functions and toxicity of cadmium in plants: recent advances and future prospects. Turkish Journal of Botany 37: 1–13.
Vandecasteele B, Lauriks R, Vos BD & Tack FMG (2003). Cd and Zn concentration in hybrid poplar foliage and leaf beetles grown on polluted sediment-derived soils. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 89: 263–283.
Wang KS, Huang LC, Lee HS, Chen PY & Chang SH (2008). Phytoextraction of cadmium by Ipomoea aquatica (water spinach) in hydroponic solution: effects of cadmium speciation. Chemosphere 72: 666–672.
White P & Brown P (2010). Plant nutrition for sustainable development and global health. Annals of Botany 105: 1073– 10
Wójcik M & Tukiendorf A (2004). Phytochelatin synthesis and cadmium localization in wild type of Arabidopsis thaliana.
Plant Growth Regulation 44: 71–80. Wójcik M & Tukiendorf A (2011). Glutathione in adaptation of Arabidopsis thaliana to cadmium stress. Biologia plantarum 55: 125–132.
Wojas S, Clemens S, Hennig J, Skłodowska A, Kopera E, Schat H, Bal W & Antosiewicz DM (2008). Overexpression of phytochelatin synthase in tobacco: distinctive effects of AtPCS1 and CePCS genes on plant response to cadmium. Journal of Experimental Botany 59: 2205–2219.
Xiang C, Werner BL, Christensen EM & Oliver DJ (2001). The biological functions of glutathione revisited in Arabidopsis transgenic plants with altered glutathione levels. Plant Physiology 126: 564–574.
Zhang HY, Xu WZ, Guo JB, He ZY & Ma M (2005). Coordinated responses of phytochelatins and metallothioneins to heavy metals in garlic seedlings. Plant Science 169: 1059–1065.