Nuran ÇİÇEK, Şeküre ÇULHA ERDAL, Yasemin EKMEKÇİ, Ayşe Suna BALKAN NALÇAİYİ

Acquisition of boron tolerance by salt pretreatment in two sunflower cultivars

This study was carried out to investigate the ameliorative effects of salt pretreatment against B toxicity in two sunflowercultivars (Helianthus annuus L. ‘Sanbro’ and ‘Tarsan-1018’) differing in salt tolerance. Seedlings were grown in perlite with modifiedhalf-strength Hoagland’s solution for 15 days and then they were divided into two groups: salt-pretreated (75 mM NaCl for 5 days)and B-treated (control, 2, 4, and 8 mM B for 10 days). In both cultivars, the biomass of root and shoot decreased depending on Baccumulation, especially at 8 mM. The translocation factor values indicated that B uptaken by roots of the genotypes were translocatedto the leaves. High B accumulation adversely affected the water balance and membrane integrity of the leaves. Additionally, toxic Blevels caused changes in the some JIP tests and slow fluorescence parameters (ABS/RC, TR0/RC, ET0/RC, RE0/RC, DI0/RC, Area, φE0,φR0 and jD0, ФPSII, ETR) of both cultivars and these changes led to a significant decrease in photosynthetic performance (PIABS andPITOTAL). Salt pretreatment ameliorated the damaging effects of toxic B on membrane integrity, water content, and the photosyntheticprocess; decreased B accumulation; and improved the membrane stability. Both cultivars acquired tolerance against B toxicity with saltpretreatment and survived in increasing boron toxicity. We conclude that sunflower can be used for phytoremediation purposes forboron-contaminated soils. Additionally, this study is the first report to reveal that moderate salt stress pretreatment alleviates B toxicityand provides tolerance to B. This alleviation might be achieved by NaCl to decrease the boron uptake from the roots.

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