A Morphological Investigation of Colchicum L. (Liliaceae) Species in the Mediterranean Region in Turkey

The morphological features of Colchicum L. species were studied based on samples collected from the Mediterranean region in Turkey between 2000 and 2004. Typifications, synonym lists, descriptions, ecology, and phytogeography are provided for all Colchicum species and relationships to similar species are discussed. New features were determined that were not previously given in descriptions of Colchicum species in the Flora of Turkey, and useful identification keys (for both flowering material and leafing-fruiting material) were prepared for all Colchicum species in the Mediterranean region of Turkey.

A Morphological Investigation of Colchicum L. (Liliaceae) Species in the Mediterranean Region in Turkey

The morphological features of Colchicum L. species were studied based on samples collected from the Mediterranean region in Turkey between 2000 and 2004. Typifications, synonym lists, descriptions, ecology, and phytogeography are provided for all Colchicum species and relationships to similar species are discussed. New features were determined that were not previously given in descriptions of Colchicum species in the Flora of Turkey, and useful identification keys (for both flowering material and leafing-fruiting material) were prepared for all Colchicum species in the Mediterranean region of Turkey.

___

  • Abu Zarga MH, Sabri SS, Al-Tel TH, Rahman AU, Shah Z & Feroz M (1991). New natural dibenzocycloheptylamine alkoloids: A possible catabolic route for the colchicine alkoloids. J Nat Prod 54: 936-940.
  • Akan H & Eker İ (2005). Check-list of the genus Colchicum in the flora of Turkey. Turk J Bot 29: 327-331.
  • Baytop T (1987). Türkiye’nin Colchicum (Liliaceae) türleri üzerinde yeni gözlemler. İstanbul Üniv Eczacılık Fak Mecmuası 23: 41-47.
  • Baytop T (1994). Türkçe Bitki Adları Sözlüğü. Ankara: Atatürk Kültür, Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu, Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları.
  • Baytop T (1999). Türkiye’de Bitkiler ile Tedavi, Geçmişte ve Bugün (İlaveli İkinci Baskı). İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri Ltd. Şti.
  • Brickell CD (1980). Colchicum L. In: Tutin TG & Heywood VH (eds.) Flora Europaea, Vol. 5: pp. 21-25. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Brickell CD (1984). Colchicum L. In: Davis PH (eds.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 8: pp. 329-351. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Brummitt RK & Powell CE (1992). Authors of Plant Names. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Butcher RW (1961). British Flora, Vol. 2: pp. 665. London: Leonard Hill Limited.
  • Ekim T, Koyuncu M, Vural M, Duman H, Aytaç Z & Adıgüzel N (2000). Türkiye Bitkileri Kırmızı Kitabı. Ankara: TTKD ve Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Yayını.
  • Engel T & Küçüker O (1994). Micromorphological examination of leaf, fruit, tunica and seed surface of Anatolian Colchicum species. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik 116: 123-133.
  • Fell KR & Ramsden D (1967). Colchicum: A review of Colchicums and the sources, chemistry, biogenesis and assay of colchicine and its congeners. Lloydia 30: 123-140.
  • Feinbrun-Dothan N (1986). Flora Palaestina, Vol. 4: pp. 27-31. Jerusalem: The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities Press.
  • Halacsy ED (1968). Florae Graecae, Vol. 2: pp. 273-278. Germany.
  • IUCN (2001). IUCN Red List Categories: Version 3.1. Prepared by the IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
  • Kalinin AV & Snieckus V (1998). 4,6-Dimethoxy-3, 7-dimethylcoumarin from Colchicum decaisnei. Total synthesis by carbamoyl Baker- Venkataraman rearrangement and structural revision to isoeugenetin methyl ether. Tetrahedron Lett 39: 4999-5002.
  • Küçüker O (1985). The morphological, anatomical and cytological studies on some Colchicum species of İstanbul area. İstanbul Üniv Fen Fak Mecmuası 50: 87-111.
  • Küçüker O & Çelebioğlu T (1988). Micromorphological and anatomical structure of the seed testa of some Colchicum (Liliaceae) species. Candollea 43: 129-138.
  • Küçüker O (1990a). Studies on the endemic Colchicum taxa of Turkey: C. baytopiorum C. D. Brickell. Turk J Bot 14: 1-11.
  • Küçüker O (1990b). Studies on the endemic Colchicum taxa of Turkey II. C. lingulatum Boiss. et Spruner. Turk J Bot 14: 178-179.
  • Küçüker O (1992). Colchicum bivonae Guss.’de lateral kontraktil öncü kök gelişimi. Turk J Bot 16: 117-123.
  • Küçüker O (1995). Contributions to the knowledge of some endangered Colchicum species of Turkey. Flora Mediterranea 5: 211-219.
  • Lanfranco GG (1977). Filde Guide to the Wild Flowers of Malta. Malta: Progress Press.
  • Maier UH & Zenk MH (1997). Colchicine is formed by para-para phenol coupling from autumnaline. Tetrahedron Lett 38: 7357-7360.
  • Meikle RD (1985). Flora of Cyprus, Vol. 2: pp. 1593-1596. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens Press.
  • Mouterde P (1966). Nouvelle Flore Du Liban et de la Syrie, Vol. 2: pp. 667. Beyrouth: Dar El-Machreq Éditeurs.
  • Nasır E (1979). Flora of Pakistan, 125: pp. 1-5. Islamabad: National Herbarium, Agricultural Research Council.
  • Nasreen A, Gundlach H & Zenk MH (1997). Incorporation of phenethylisoquinolines into colchicine in isolated seeds of Colchicum autumnale. Phytochemistry 46: 107-115.
  • Ondra P, Válka I, Vıcar J, Sütlüpınar N & Simánek V (1995). Chromatographic determination of constituents of the genus Colchicum (Liliaceae). J Chromatogr A 704: 351-356.
  • Persson K (1992).Colchicum L. In: KH Rechinger (ed.) Flora Iranica, 170: pp. 1-40. Austria: Akademische Druck.
  • Persson K (1993). Reproductive strategies and evolution in Colchicum. Proceed 5th OPTIMA Meeting, pp. 397-414. İstanbul.
  • Persson K (1999a). The genus Colchicum in Turkey. I. New species. Edinb J Bot 56: 85-102.
  • Persson K (1999b). The genus Colchicum in Turkey. II. Revision of the large-leaved autumnal species. Edinb J Bot 56: 103-142.
  • Persson K (2000). Colchicum L. In: Güner A, Özhatay N, Ekim T & Başer KHC (eds.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 11: pp. 246-265, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Persson K (2001). A new soboliferous species of Colchicum in Turkey. Bot J Linn Soc 135: 85-88.
  • Pignatti S (1982). Colchicum L., Flora d’Italia, Vol. Terzo: pp. 350-352. Roma: Edagricole Press.
  • Rosso A & Zuccaro S (1998). Determination of alkoloids from the colchicine family by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 825: 96-101.
  • Rueffer M & Zenk MH (1998). Microsome-mediated transformation of o-methylandrocymbine to demecolcine and colchicine. Federation of European Biochemical Societies Lettters 438: 111-113.
  • Savulescu T & Nyárády EI (1966). Colchicum L., Flora Republicii Socialiste România, Vol. 11: pp. 115-128. România: Academia Republicii Socialiste România.
  • Simánek V, Husek A, Válka I & Sütlüpınar N (1990). Phytochemical studies of Turkish Colchicum and Merendera species. Herba Hungarica 29: 64-68.
  • Stefanoff B (1926). Monographie der Gattung Colchicum L. Sofia: Sbornik Bolgarskata Akademiya na Naukite.
  • Sütlüpınar N, Husek A, Potesilova H, Dvorásková S, Hanus V, Sedmera P & Simánek V (1988). Alkoloids and phenolics of Colchicum cilicicum. Planta Med 54: 243-245.
  • Sütlüpınar N (2002). Investigations on Turkish Colchicum and Merendera species. Acta Pharmaceutica Turcica 44: 175-181.
  • Townsend CC, Guest E, Omar SA & Al-Khayat AH (1985). Colchicum L., Flora of Iraq, Vol. 8: pp. 44-53. Baghdad: Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform.
  • Zaffran J (1990). Contributions a la Flore et a la Vegetation de la Crete. Aix-Marseille: Publications de l’Université de Provence.