Effects of exogenous salicylic acid and sodium nitroprusside on α-tocopherol and phytochelatin biosynthesis in zinc-stressed safflower plants
The interactive effect of exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA)
and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a donor of nitric oxide, on zinc (Zn)
toxicity was assessed in Zn-stressed safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seedlings. Exposure to 500 μM ZnSO4.7H2O for 10 days caused an increment in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2,
α-tocopherol, phytochelatins (PCs), and proline. Application of SA or
SNP, and especially their combination, resulted in remarkable decrease
in MDA, H2O2, and proline content while
chlorophyll
content and the activity of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol
peroxidase exhibited a significant induction in comparison with plants
subjected to Zn treatment alone. In Zn-treated plants, addition of SA
and SA + SNP caused a progressive increase in α-tocopherol levels in
comparison with plants treated with Zn alone. In plants subjected to Zn
excess, no significant association was found between PC levels and the
supplementation of SA, while application of SNP and SA + SNP caused a
significant increase in PC contents. These data imply that SA and SNP,
and especially in combination, play a significant role in the
amelioration of deleterious effects of Zn toxicity,
probably due to stimulation of antioxidative defense mechanisms and PC
biosynthesis.
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