Sialoadenektomi ve flutamide' in epididimis dokusu üzerinde oluşturduğu histolojik değişiklikler ve epididimal anomaliler
Histological changes induced by sialoadenectomy and flutamide on the epididymal tissue and epididymal abnormalities
In this study the purpose was to determine the effect of sialoadenectomy (Maternal Epidermal Growth Factor deficiency) on epididymal development and to compare it with that of antiandrogen (Flutamide) application.Forty 12-week-old, sexually mature and pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen as the animal model. They were divided into four groups; Group I : Control group, Group II : Sialoadenectomized (mated on 28th day), Group III: Flutamide applied (between gestational day 11 and 21), Group IV: Sialoadenectomy + Flutamide applied. After birth, all male rats were observed morphologically on the 60th day and sacrificed on the 60th day postpartum under general anaesthesia. Necroscopy was performed. Localization and the presence of the epididymal abnormalities were carefully noted. Histological sections of cauda epididymis were taken and stained with Hematoxylen-Eosin and Hematoxylen-Van Gieson. Except the control group, epididymal abnormalities were observed in all groups at various rates. The highest epididymal abnormalities were determined in group III. Reduced epididymal tubule diameters were clearly observed in group IV. In this group, histological sections of epididymis showed that there was tubular atrophy and an absence of spermatozoa in the lumen and peritubular fibrosis. In conclusion, the maternal EGF deficiency affects Wolffian duct system stabilization and leads to irreversible morphological changes and epididymal abnormalities like fetal androgen synthesis deficiency.
___
- 1. Liu, A., Flores, C., Kinkead, T., Carboni, A. A., Menon, M., Seethalakshmi, L., Effects of Sialoadenectomy and Epidermal Growth Factor on Testicular Function of Sexualty Mature Male Mice.The Journal of Urology, 152: 554- 561, 1994.
- 2. Tsutsumi, O., Kurachi, H., Oka,T., A Physiological Role of Epidermal Growth Factor in Male Reproductive Function. Science, 233: 975-977, 1986.
- 3. Bullock, L., Barthe, P.L., Mowszowicz, I., Orth, D. E. The Effect of Progestins on Submaxillary Gland Epidermal Growth Factor: Demonstration of Androgenic, Synandrogenic and Antiandrogenic Actions. Endocrinology, 97: 189-195,1975.
- 4. Ances, I.G., Serum Concentrations of Epidermal Growth Factor in Human Pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 115: 357-362, 1973.
- 5. Hirata, Y., Ort, D.N., Concentrations of Epidermal Growth Factor, Nerve Growth Factor and Submandibular Gland Renin in Male and Female Mouse tissue and Fluids. Endocrinology, 105: 1382-1387, 1979.
- 6. Kurachi, H., Oka, T., Changes in Epidermal Growth Factor Concentrations of Submandibular Gland, Plasma and Urine of Normal and Sialoadenectomized Female Mice During Various Reproductive Stages. Journal Of Endocrinology, 106: 197-202, 1985.
- 7. Russel, L.D., Weis,T., Goh, J.C., Curl, J.L. and Liu, A.L., The Effect of Submandibular Gland Removal on Testicular and Epididymal Parameters. Tissue Cell, 22: 263, 1990.
- 8. Cain, M.P., Kramer, S.A., Tindall, D.J., Husmann, D.A., Alterations in Maternal Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Affect Testicular Descent and Epididymal Development. Pediatric Urology, 43 : 375-378, 1993.
- 9. Jacob, R.: Congenital Anomalies of The Testis. In Campbell's Urology (Patric C. Walsh Edt.), 1992, Philadelphia, 6th edition W.B. Saunders, 3 : 1543-1552.
- 10. Gilman, A.G., Rall, T.W., Nies, S.A., Taylor,P.: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , Eighth Edition, Pergamon Press, 1990, Dallas, Texas, 1427-1429.
- 11. Davis, E.L., Shpall, R.A., Goldstein, A.M.B. and Morrow, J.W., Congenitally Uncoiled Epididymis in A Cryptorchid Testicle. The Journal of Urology, 111: 618-620, 1974.
- 12. Douglas, A., Husmann and Michael J. McPhaul, Reversal of Flutamide-Induced Cryptorchism by Prenatal TimeSpecific Androgens. Endocrinology, 131: 1711-1715, 1992.
- 13. Julia, R.S., Torrado,T., Ramon, S., Effects of Flutamide and Finasteride on Rat Testicular Descent. Endocrinology, 129 (2) : 741-748, 1991.
- 14. Fray, F.M., Dennis W.S., Epididymal Abnormalities Associated with Undescended Testis. The Journal of Urology, 121: 341-343, 1979.
- 15. Heath, A.L., Man, K.W., Eckstein, H.B., Epididymal Abnormalities Associated with Maldescent of The Testis. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 19 (1) :47-49, 1984.
- 16. Tuffer, A.A.: Laboratory Animals: An Introduction for New Experimenters, 1987, Great Britain, 247, 287-290.
- 17. Reynolds. G.: Handbook of Histological Techniques, 2nd edition, Department of Histopathology, 1990, London, 5-36.
- 18 Ali, P., Smart J.L. and D’Souza S.W., Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors in Rat Placenta, Amnion and Yolk Sac: Characteristics of Specific Binding are Dependent on Gestational age. Placenta, 10: 589-595, 1989.
- 19. Oberbauer, A.M., Linkhart T.A., Mohan, S. and Longo, L.D., Fibroblast Growth Factor Enhances Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Synthesis Independent of Mitogenic Stimulation in Jar Choriocarcinoma Cells. Endocrinology, 123: 2696-2700, 1988.
- 20. Morrish, D.W., Bhardwaj, D., Dabbagh, L.K., Marusyk ,H. and Siy, O., Epidermal Growth Factor Induces Differentiation and Secretion of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Placental Lactogen in Normal Human Placenta. J.Clin Endocrinol Metab. 65: 1282-1290, 1987.
- 21. Maruo, T., Matsuo, H., Murata, K. and Mochizuki, M., Gestational age dependent Dual Action of Epidermal Growth Factor on Human Placenta Early in Gestation. J. Clin Endocrinol Metab. 75: 1362-1367, 1992.
- 22. Morrish, D.W., Bharwaj, D.and Paras, M.T., Transforming Growth Factor (1 Inhibits Plasental Differentiation and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Human Placental Lactogen Secretion. Endocrinology, 129: 22-26, 1991.
- 23. Cain, M.P., Kramer, S.A., Epidermal Growth Factor Reverses Antiandrogen Induced Cryptorchidism and Epididymal Development. J.Urol., 152 (2): 770-775, 1994.
- 24. Elger, W., Richter, J., Korbe, R., Failure to Detect Androgen dependence of Decensus Testicularum in Fetal Rabbits, Mice and Monkeys Urban and Schwarzenberg, Baltimore. 187-190, 1977.
- 25. Neumann, F., Von, Berswandt-Waltrabe, R., Elger, W., Steinbect, H., Aspects of Androgen Dependent Events As Studies by Antiandrogens. Recent Prog Horm Res., 26: 337-410, 1970.