KALAMEGAM KALAIARASI, GOVINDARAJ PRASANNARAJ, SHIVENDRA VIKRAM SAHI, PERUMAL VENKATACHALAM

Phytofabrication of biomolecule-coated metallic silver nanoparticles using leaf extracts of in vitro-raised bamboo species and its anticancer activity against human PC3 cell lines

The present study describes the biosynthesis of metallic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from silver ions using in vitro-grown leaf samples of Bambusa arundinacea (Ba) and Bambusa nutans (Bn) and their anticancer activity against human prostatic cancer cell lines (PC3). The metallic AgNPs were synthesized at room temperature by treating the leaf extracts of Bambusa arundinacea and Bambusa nutans with 2 mM silver nitrate using the boiled method. The characterization of synthesized BaAgNPs and BnAgNPs was performed using UV-Vis spectrum (absorption peak at 365 nm), FTIR, TEM (spherical shape), SEM (size of 30-90 nm), and EDX analysis. Cell viability assays were carried out to determine the cytotoxicity effect of AgNPs on the PC3 cancer cell line and the Vero normal cell line. The IC_50 values for BaAgNP- and BnAgNP-treated PC3 cancer cells were found to be 73.57 µg/mL and 84.88 µg/mL while the values for treated Vero cells were found to be 93.58 µg/mL and 96.41 µg/mL, respectively. The percentages of the apoptotic bodies by AO/EtBr staining were found to be 76% and 62% for BaAgNPs and BnAgNPs, respectively. The results strongly suggest that synthesized BaAgNPs show potential anticancer activity against human PC3 cell lines compared to BnAgNPs.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Anticancer activity, biological synthesis, bamboo, silver nanoparticles, electron microscopy, PC3 human prostate cancer cell lines

Phytofabrication of biomolecule-coated metallic silver nanoparticles using leaf extracts of in vitro-raised bamboo species and its anticancer activity against human PC3 cell lines

Keywords:

Anticancer activity, biological synthesis, bamboo, silver nanoparticles, electron microscopy, PC3 human prostate cancer cell lines,

PDF

___

Ahamed M, Al Salhi MS, Siddiqui MKJ (2010). Silver nanoparticle applications and human health. Clin Chim Acta 411: 1841–1848.
Asharani PV, Wu YL, Gong Z, Valiyaveettil S (2008). Toxicity of silver nanoparticles in zebrafish models. Nanotech 19: 255102.
Baliga MS, Katiyar SK (2006). Chemoprevention of photocarcinogenesis by selected dietary botanicals. Photochem Photobiol Sci 5: 243–253.
Bar H, Bhui DK, Sahoo GP, Sarkar P, Pyne S, Misra A (2009). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using seed extract of Jatropha curcas. Colloid Surface A 348: 212–216.
Begum NA, Mondal S, Basu S, Laskar RA, Mandal D (2009). Biogenic synthesis of Au and Ag nanoparticles using aqueous solutions of black tea leaf extracts. Colloid Surface B 71: 113–118.
Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM (2010). Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008. Inter J Cancer 127: 2893–2917.
Ganesh Babu MM, Gunasekaran P (2009). Production and structural characterization of crystalline silver nanoparticles from Bacillus cereus isolate. Colloid Surface B 74: 191–195.
Gardea-Torresdey JL, Gomez E, Peralta-Videa JR, Parsons JG, Troiani HE, Jose-Yacaman (2003). Alfalfa sprouts: a natural source for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Langmuir 19: 1357–1361.
Huang J, Wu C, Di Sant Agnese PA, Yao JL, Cheng L, Na Y (2007). Function and molecular mechanisms of neuroendocrine cells in prostate cancer. Anal Quant Cytol Histol 29: 128–138.
Huang WY, Cai YZ, Zhang Y (2010). Natural phenolic compounds from medicinal herbs and dietary plants: potential use for cancer prevention. Nutr Cancer 62: 1–20.
Jayaseelan C, Rahuman AA (2012). Acaricidal efficacy of synthesized silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum canum against Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and Hyalomma marginatum isaaci (Acari: Ixodidae). Parasitol Res 111: 1369–1378.
Jeeva K, Thiyagarajan M, Elangovan V, Geetha N, Venkatachalam P (2014). Caesalpinia coriaria leaf extracts mediated biosynthesis of metallic silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial activity against clinically isolated pathogens. Ind Crops Prod 52: 714– 720.
Kalaiarasi R, Prasannaraj G, Venkatachalam P (2013). A rapid biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf broth of Rauvolfia tetraphylla and their promising antibacterial activity. Indo Amer J Pharm Res 3: 8052–8062.
Kokura S, Handa O, Takagi T, Ishikawa T, Naito Y, Yoshikawa T (2010). Silver nanoparticles as a safe preservative for use in cosmetics. Nanomed-Nanotechnol 6: 570–574.
Macharla SP, Goli V (2011). Antidiabetic activity of Bambusa arundinaceae seed extract on alloxan induced diabetic rats. Inter J Pharm Res Develop 3: 83–85.
Martinez-Gutierrez F, Olive PL, Banuelos A, Orrantia E, Nino N, Sanchez E (2010). Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect of silver and titanium nanoparticles. Nanomed-Nanotechnol 6: 681–688.
Mishra AN, Bhadauria S, Gaur MS, Pasricha R, Kushwah BS (2010). Synthesis of gold nanoparticles by leaves of zero-calorie sweetener herb (Stevia rebaudiana) and their nanoscopic characterization by spectroscopy and microscopy. Inter J Green Nanotech Phys Chem 1: 118–124.
Moulton MC, Braydich-Stolle LK, Nadagouda MN, Kunzelman S, Hussain SM, Varma RS (2010). Synthesis, characterization and biocompatibility of “green” synthesized silver nanoparticles using tea polyphenols. Nanoscale 2: 763–770.
Muniappan M, Sundararaj T (2003). Anti-inﬂammatory and antiulcer activities of Bambusa arundinacea. J Ethnopharmacol 88: 161–167.
Naik RR, Stringer SS, Agarwal G, Jones SE, Stone MO (2002). Biomimetic synthesis and patterning of silver nanoparticles. Nat Mater 1: 169–172.
Narayanan KB, Sakthivel N (2010). Biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles by microbes. Adv Colloids Inter Sci 156: 1–13.
Nirmala C, Madho SB, Sheena H (2011). Nutritional properties of bamboo shoots: potentials and prospects for utilization as health food. Compr Rev Food Sci F 10: 153–169.
Okitsu K, Yue A, Tanabe S, Matsumoto H, Yobiko Y (2001). Formation of colloidal gold nanoparticles in an ultrasonic field: control of rate of gold(III) reduction and size of formed gold particles. Langmuir 17: 7717–7720.
Philip D (2010). Green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using Hibiscus rosasinensis. Physica E 42: 1417–1424.
Pimprikar PS, Joshi SS, Kumar AR, Zinjarde SS, Kulkarni SK (2009). Inﬂuence of biomass and gold salt concentration on nanoparticle synthesis by the tropical marine yeast Yarrowia lipolytica NCIM 3589. Colloid Surface B 74: 309–316.
Rathod JD, Pathak NL, Patel RG, Jivani NP, Patel LD, Chauhan V (2012). Ameliorative effect of Bambusa arundinacea against adjuvant arthritis–with special reference to bone erosion and tropical splenomegaly. J Drug Deliv Therap 2: 141–145.
Satyavani K, Gurudeeban S, Ramanathan T, Balasubramanian T (2011). Biomedical potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized from calli cells of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. J Nanobiotech 9: 2–8.
Seki T, Maeda H (2010). Cancer preventive effect of Kumaizasa bamboo leaf extracts administered prior to carcinogenesis or cancer inoculation. Anticancer Res 30: 111–118.
Shankar SS, Rai A, Ahmad A, Sastry M (2004). Rapid synthesis of Au, Ag and bimetallic Au core–Ag shell nanoparticles using neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf broth. J Colloid Inter Sci 275: 496–502.
Sukirtha R, Priyanka K, Antony JJ, Kamalakkannan S, Thangam R, Gunasekaran P (2012). Cytotoxic effect of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Melia azedarach against in vitro HeLa cell lines and lymphoma mice model. Process Biochem 47: 273–279.
Sun Y, Niu J, Huang J (2009). Neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer. Am J Transl Res 1: 148–162.
Suresh V, Senthilkumar N, Thangam R, Rajkumar M, Anbazhagan C, Rengasamy R, Gunasekaran P, Kannan S, Palani P (2013). Separation, purification and preliminary characterization of sulfated polysaccharides from Sargassum plagiophyllum and its in vitro anticancer and antioxidant activity. Process Biochem 48: 364–373.
Tai S, Sun Y, Squires JM, Zhang H, Oh WK, Liang CZ, Huang J (2011). PC3 is a cell line characteristic of prostatic small cell carcinoma. Prostate 71: 1668–1679.
Thangam R, Gunasekaran P, Kaveri K, Sridevi G, Sundarraj S, Paulpandi M, Kannan S (2012). A novel disintegrin protein from Naja naja venom induces cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human cancer cell lines in vitro. Process Biochem 47: 1243– 1249.
Thomas S, Nair SK, Jamal EMA, Al-Harthi SH, Varma MR, Anantharaman MR (2008). Size-dependent surface plasmon resonance in silver silica nanocomposites. Nanotechnology 19: 075710.
Tolaymat TM, El Badawy AM, Genaidy A, Scheckel KG, Luxton TP, Suidan M (2010). An evidence-based environmental perspective of manufactured silver nanoparticle in syntheses and applications: a systematic review and critical appraisal of peer-reviewed scientific papers. Sci Total Environ 408: 999– 1006.
Vigneshwaran N, Kathe AA, Varadarajan PV, Nachane RP, Balasubramanya RJ (2007). Functional finishing of cotton fabrics using silver nanoparticles. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 7: 1893–1897.
Vijaykumar S, Rahul S, Satish V, Shankul K, Sumit G, Ashutosh M (2010). Antibacterial activity of leaves of bamboo. Inter J Pharma Bio Sci 6: 1–5.
Vivek R, Thangam R, Muthuchelian K, Gunasekaran P, Kaveri K, Kannan S (2012). Green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from Annona squamosa leaf extract and its in vitro cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cells. Process Biochem 47: 2405–2410.
Xia T, Kovochich M, Brant J, Hotze M, Sempf J, Oberley T, Sioutas C, Yeh JI, Wiesner MR, Nel AE (2006). Comparison of the abilities of ambient and manufactured nanoparticles to induce cellular toxicity according to an oxidative stress paradigm. Nano Lett 6: 1794–807.
Yuan TC, Veeramani S, Lin MF (2007). Neuroendocrine-like prostate cancer cells: Neuroendocrine transdifferentiation of prostate adenocarcinoma cells. Endocr Relat Cancer 14: 531–547.
Zhang Y, Tie XW, Bao BL, Wu XQ, Zhang Y (2007). Metabolism of flavone C-glucosides and p-coumaric acid from antioxidant of bamboo leaves (AOB) in rats. Br J Nutr 97: 484–494.