Biological impact of feeding rats with a genetically modifed-based diet

Biological impact of feeding rats with a genetically modifed-based diet

This work was conducted in the context of postmarketing biosafety assessment of genetically modifed products. It presentsa systematic approach based on a chronic toxicity study on Wistar albino rats, with a range of combined parameters includingbiochemical, histopathological, and cytogenetic to evaluate the negative impact of a genetically modifed (GM) diet on animal health.Histopathological and biochemical analysis procedures were performed in the liver, kidney, and testis. Cytogenetic analysis wasevaluated in germ cells and the liver. Te results revealed that the laboratory diet used in our investigation was proved experimentally,using the PCR assay, to contain genetically modifed components without being labeled as such. Te results of all parameters evaluatedin our investigation were consistent and confrm that the GM diet fed to rats for 30, 60, or 90 days has deleterious histopathologicaland histochemical impacts. Biochemical alterations in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, uric acid, andmalondialdehyde concentrations were also observed. Genotoxicity of the GM diet was also demonstrated in germ cells as increasednumbers of cells with chromosomal aberrations and in liver cells as increased ratios of DNA fragmentation. In conclusion, the resultsof the present work indicate that there are health hazards linked to the ingestion of diets containing genetically modifed components.

___

  • Alexander TW, Reuter T, Aulrich K, Sharma R, Okine EK, Dixon WT, McAllister TA (2007). A review of the detection and fate of novel plant molecules derived from biotechnology in livestock production. Anim Food Sci Technol 133: 31–62.
  • Brewen GJ, Preston JR (1978). Analysis of chromosomal aberrations in mammalian germ cells. Chem Mutagen 5: 127–150.
  • Burkitt HG, Young B, Heath JW, Wheater PR (1993). Wheater’s Functional Histology: A Text and Colour Atlas. 3rd ed. Edinburgh, UK: Churchill Livingstone.
  • Burton K (1956). A study of the conditions and mechanisms of the diphenylamine reaction for the colorimetric estimation of deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochem J 62: 315–323.
  • Burton K (1968). Determination of DNA concentration with diphenylamine. Methods Enzymol 12B: 163–167.
  • Cankar K, Chauvensy-Ancel V, Fortabat MN, Gruden K, Kobilinsky A, Zel J, Bertheau Y (2008). Detection of nonauthorized genetically modifed organisms using diferential quantitative polymerase chain reaction: application to 35S in maize. Anal Biochem 376: 189–199.
  • Chawla LS, Kellum JA (2012). Acute kidney injury in 2011: biomarkers are transforming our understanding of AKI. Nat Rev Nephrol 8: 68–70.
  • Dale PJ, Kinderlerer J (1995). Safety in the contained use and the environmental release of transgenic crop plants. In: Tzotzos GT, editor. Genetically Modifed Organisms: A Guide to Biosafety. New York, NY, USA: CABI, pp. 36–63.
  • de Vandomois JS, Roullier F, Cellier D, Seralini GE (2009). A com- parison of the efects of three GM corn varieties on mamma- lian health. Int J Biol Sci 5: 706–726.
  • Del Rio D, Stewart AJ, Pellegrini N (2005). A review of recent studies on malondialdehyde as toxic molecule and biological marker of oxidative stress. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 15: 316–328.
  • Drury RAB, Wallington EA (1980): Carleton’s Histological Technique. 5th ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Duijn GV, Biert RV, Bleeker-Marcelis H, Peppelmann H, Hessing M (1999). Detection methods for genetically modifed crops. Food Control 10: 375–378.
  • EFSA (2011). Scientifc opinion: guidance for risk assessment of food and feed from genetically modifed plants. EFSA Panel on Genetically Modifed Organisms (GMO). EFSA J 9: 2150.
  • Elledge SJ (1996). Cell cycle checkpoints: preventing an identity crisis. Science 274: 1664–1672.
  • Farag IM, Abdou HSA, Ayesh AM, Osfr MMH (2002). Chromosomal and sperm studies on the mutagenic efect of over heated meat and the protective role of green tea and ginseng on rats. Al- Azhar Bull Sci 13: 105–120.
  • El-Shamei ZS, Gab-Alla AA, Shatta AA, Moussa EA, Rayan AM (2012). Histopathological changes in some organs of male rats fed on genetically modifed corn (Ajeeb YG). J Am Sci 8: 684–696.
  • Gibb RK, Taylar DD, Wan T, O’Connor DM, Doering DL, Gercel- Taylor C (1997). Apoptosis as a measure of chemosensitivity to cisplatin and taxol therapy in ovarian cancer cell lines. Gynecol Oncol 65: 13–22.
  • Gu J, Krogdahl A, Sissener NH, Kortner TM, Gelencser E, Hemre GI, Bakke AM (2012). Efects of oral Bt-maize (MON810) exposure on growth and health parameters in normal and sensitized Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Br J Nutr 109: 1408– 1423.
  • Guimaraes LM, Farias DF, Muchagata RCC, de Magalhaes MQ, Campello CC, Rocha TL, Vasconcelos IM, Carvalho AFU, Mulinari F, Grossi-de-Sa MF (2010). Short-term evalua- tion in growing rats of diet containing Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ia12 entomoxin: nutritional responses and some safety aspects. J Biomed Biotech: Article ID 630267, 8 pages, 2010. doi:10.1155/2010/630267.
  • Haisman P, Muller BR (1997). Glossary of Clinical Chemistry Terms. London, UK: Butterworth.
  • Hemmer W (1997). Foods Derived from Genetically Modified Organisms and Detection Methods. BATS Report 2/97. Basel, Switzerland: BATS Centre for Biosafety and Sustainability.
  • Jaszczak K, Kruszewski M, Baranowski A, Parada R, Bartlomiejczyk T, Zimny J, Rosochacki S (2008). Micronucleus test and comet assay on mice fed over fve generations a diet containing genetically modifed triticale. J Anim Feed Sci 17: 100–109.
  • Kiliç A, Akay MT (2008). A three generation study with genetically modifed Bt corn in rats: biochemical and histopathological investigation. Food Chem Toxicol 46: 1164–1170.
  • Kuiper HA, Kleter GA, König A, Hammes WP, Knudsen I (2004). Safety assessment, detection and traceability, and societal aspects of genetically modifed foods. European Network on Safety Assessment of Genetically Modifed Food Crops (ENTRANSFOOD). Food Chem Toxicol 42: 1043–1202.
  • Limdi JK, Hyde GM (2003). Evaluation of abnormal liver function tests. Postgrad Med J 79: 307–312.
  • Malatesta M, Caporaloni C, Gavaudan S, Rocchi MBL, Serafni S, Tiberi C, Gazzanelli G (2002). Ultrastructural morphometrical and immunocytochemical analyses of hepatocyte nuclei from mice fed on genetically modifed soybean. Cell Struct Funct 27: 173–180.
  • Malatesta M, Biggiogera M, Manuali E, Rocchi MBL, Baldelli B, Gazzanelli G (2003). Fine structural analyses of pancreatic acinar cell nuclei from mice fed on genetically modifed soybean. Eur J Histochem 47: 385–388.
  • Malatesta M, Perdoni F, Santin G, Battistelli S, Muller S, Biggiogera M (2008). Hepatoma tissue culture (HTC) cells as a model for investigating the efects of low concentrations of herbicide on cell structure and function. Toxicol In Vitro 22: 1853–1860.
  • Malatesta M, Mannello F, Sebastiani M, Cardinali A, Marcheggiani F, Reno F, Gazzanelli G (1998). Ultrastructural characterization and biochemical profle of human gross cystic breast disease. Breast Cancer Res Treat 48: 211–219.
  • Mazia D, Brewer PA, Alfert M (1953). Te cytochemical staining and measurement of protein with mercuric bromophenol blue. Biol Bull 104: 57–67.
  • Moore K, Roberts LJ (1998). Measurement of lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Res 28: 659–671.
  • Narayana K (2008). An aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamycin induces oxidative stress, reduces antioxidant reserve and impairs spermatogenesis in rats. J Toxicol Sci 33: 85–96.
  • Nowicki P, Aramyan L, Baltussen W, Dvortsin L, Jongeneel R, Dominguez IP, van Wagenberg C, Kalaitzandonakes N, Kaufman J, Miller D et al. (2010). Study on the Implications of Asynchronous GMO approvals for EU Imports of Animal Feed Products. Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development of the European Commission.
  • Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K (1979). Assay for lipid peroxides in animals tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 95: 351–358.
  • Oraby HA, Abou Mossallam AA, Hassan AA (2003). Detection of genetically modifed crop plants using two structural genes (GUS and NPTII). J Genetic Eng Biotechnol (NRC) 1: 99–110.
  • Oraby HA, Hassan AA, Abou Mossallam AA (2005). Screening food products for the presence of CaMV 35S promoter and NOS3’ terminator. J Sci Food Agri 85: 1974–1980.
  • Poulsen M, Kroghsbo S, Schroder M, Wilcks A, Jacobsen H, Miller A, Frenzel T, Danier J, Rychlik M, Shu Q, et al. (2007). A 90- day safety study in Wistar rats fed genetically modifed rice expressing snowdrop lectin Galanthus nivalis (GNA). Food Chem Toxicol 45: 350–363.
  • Pratt DS, Kaplan MM (2003). Evaluation of abnormal liver enzyme results in asymptomatic patients. N Engl J Med 342: 1266– 1271.
  • Reitman S, Frankel S (1957). A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. Amer J Clin Pathol 28: 56–63.
  • Rhee SG, Dae HC, Yong HW, Ji HS, Soon SK, Seung JK, Rhee DL, Soo YC, Jae WK, Byung ML et al. (2005). Multigeneration reproductive and developmental toxicity study of bar gene inserted into genetically modifed potato on rats. J Toxicol Env Health 68: 2263–2276.
  • Sakamoto Y, Tada Y, Fukumori N, Tayama K, Ando H, Takahashi H, Kubo Y, Nagasawa A, Yano N, Yuzawa K, et al. (2008). A 104-week study of genetically modifed soybeans in F344 rats. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi (J Food Hyg Soc Jpn) 49: 272–282.
  • Schroder M, Poulsen M, Wilcks A, Kroghsbo S, Miller A, Frenzel T, Danier J, Rychlik M, Emami K, Gatehouse A et al. (2007). A 90-day safety study of genetically modifed rice expressing Cry1Ab protein (Bacillus thuringiensis toxin) in Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 45: 339–349.
  • Séralini GE, Cellier D, de Vendomois JS (2007). New analysis of a rat feeding study with a genetically modifed maize reveals signs of hepatorenal toxicity. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 52: 596–602.
  • Séralini GE, Mesnage R, Clair E, Gress S, de Vendomois JS, Cellier D (2011). Genetically modifed crops safety assessment: present limits and possible improvements. Environ Sci Eur 23: 1–10.
  • Tefeld W, Hfmiester H, Busch EW, Koller PU, Volmer J (1974). References value for determination of GOT (glutamic opal acetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase) and alkaline phosphatase in serum with optimal standard methods. Deut Med Wochenschr 99: 343–351.
  • Trabalza-Marinucci M, Brandi G, Rondini C, Avellini L, Giammarini C, Costarelli S, Acuti G, Orlandi C, Filippini G, Chiaradia E et al. (2008). A three-year longitudinal study on the efects of a diet containing genetically modifed Bt176 maize on the health status and performance of sheep. Livestock Sci 113: 178–190.
  • Vecchio L, Cisterna B, Malatesta M, Martin TE, Biggiogera M (2004). Ultrastructural analysis of testes from mice fed on genetically modifed soybean. Eur J Histochem 48: 448–454.
  • Walsh MC, Buzoianu SG, Gardiner GE, Rea MC, O’Donovan O, Ross RP, Lawlor PG (2013). Efects of feeding Bt MON810 maize to sows during frst gestation and lactation on maternal and ofspring health indicators. Br J Nutr 109: 873–881.
  • WHO (2005). Modern Food Biotechnology, Human Health and Development: An Evidence-based Study. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Food Safety Department.
  • Wyrobek AJ, Bruce WR (1978). Te induction of sperm shape abnormalities in mice and humans. Chem Mutagens 5: 257– 285.
  • Zhou BBS, Elledge SJ (2000). Te DNA damage response: putting checkpoints in perspective. Nature 408: 433–439.
  • Zolla L, Rinalducci S, Antonioli P, Righetti PG (2008). Proteomics as a complementary tool for identifying unintended side efects occurring in transgenic maize seeds as a result of genetic modifcations. J Proteome Res 7: 1850–1861.
Turkish Journal of Biology-Cover
  • ISSN: 1300-0152
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 6 Sayı
  • Yayıncı: TÜBİTAK
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Salicylic acid alleviates cold-induced photosynthesis inhibition and oxidative stress in Jasminum sambac

HAN CAI, MENGYING HE, KUN MA, YONGGAO HUANG, YUN WANG

Heterologous expression and purifcation of porcine fat mass and obesity-associated gene in Escherichia coli

Bo ZHOU, Xiaoling CHEN, Zhiqing HUANG, Gang JIA, Guangmang LIU

Heterologous expression and purification of porcine fat mass and obesity-associated gene in Escherichia coli

BO ZHOU, XIAOLING CHEN, ZHIQING HUANG, GANG JIA, GUANGMANG LIU

Phytofabrication of biomolecule-coated metallic silver nanoparticles using leaf extracts of in vitro-raised bamboo species and its anticancer activity against human PC3 cell lines

KALAMEGAM KALAIARASI, GOVINDARAJ PRASANNARAJ, SHIVENDRA VIKRAM SAHI, PERUMAL VENKATACHALAM

Micropropagation of Vaccinium myrtillus L. (Bilberry) naturally growing in the Turkish fora

Atalay SÖKMEN, Mustafa CÜCE

Micropropagation of Vaccinium myrtillus L. (Bilberry) naturally growing in the Turkish flora

MUSTAFA CÜCE, ATALAY SÖKMEN

Two-dimensional gel-based serum protein profile of growing piglets

MALGORZATA OZGO, ADAM LEPCZYNSKI, AGNIESZKA HEROSIMCZYK

Energy efficiency of the sunlight harvesting and storing system in bacterial photosynthesis: comparison with semiconductor photovoltaic cells

ERKIN ZAKHIDOV, MAVLUDA ZAKHIDOVA, ABDUMUTALLIB KOKHKHAROV, ABDURASUL YARBEKOV, VAKHOBJON KUVONDIKOV, SHERZOD NEMATOV, ERKIN NORMATOV, AZIZ SAPARBAYEV

Screening and characterization of biosurfactant-producing bacteria isolated from the Arabian Sea coast of Karachi

ERUM SHOEB, NUZHAT AHMED, JAMEELA AKHTER, UZMA BADAR, KHAIZRAN SIDDIQUI, FAIZA ANSARI, MAHEEN WAQAR, SAMINA IMTIAZ, NIMRAH AKHTAR, QURAT UL AIN SHAIKH, ROANUQ BAIG, SABA BUTT, SAEMA KHAN, SIDRA KHAN, SHAHID HUSSAIN, BASHIR AHMED, MAQSOOD A. ANSARI

Mechanisms of pluripotency and epigenetic reprogramming in primordial germ cells: lessons for the conversion of other cell types into the stem cell lineage

SURESH PALAMADAI KRISHNAN