Fibrous bone tissue engineering scaffolds prepared by wet spinning of PLGA
Having a self-healing capacity, bone is very well known to regenerate itself without leaving a scar. However, critical size defects due to trauma, tumor, disease, or infection involve bone graft surgeries in which complication rate is relatively at high levels. Bone tissue engineering appears as an alternative for grafting. Fibrous scaffolds are useful in tissue engineering applications since they have a high surface-to-volume ratio, and adjustable, highly interconnected porosity to enhance cell adhesion, survival, migration, and proliferation. They can be produced in a wide variety of fiber sizes and organizations. Wet spinning is a convenient way to produce fibrous scaffolds with consistent fiber size and good mechanical properties. In this study, a fibrous bone tissue engineering scaffold was produced using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). Different concentrations (20%, 25%, and 30%) of PLGA (PLA:PGA 75:25) (Mw = 66,000?107,000) were wet spun using coagulation baths composed of different ratios (75:25, 60:40, 50:50) of isopropanol and distilled water. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and in vitro degradation studies were performed to characterize the fibrous PLGA scaffolds. Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from rat bone marrow, characterized by flow cytometry and seeded onto scaffolds to determine the most appropriate fibrous structure for cell proliferation. According to the results of SEM, degradation studies and cell proliferation assay, 20% PLGA wet spun in 60:40 coagulation bath was selected as the most successful condition for the preparation of wet-spun scaffolds. Wet spinning of different concentrations of PLGA (20%, 25%, 30%) dissolved in dichloromethane using different isopropanol:distilled water ratios of coagulation baths (75:25, 60:40, 50:50) were shown in this study.
___
- Abay N, Gurel Pekozer G, Ramazanoglu M, Kose GT (2016).
Bone formation from porcine dental germ stem cells on
surface modified polybutylene succinate scaffolds. Stem Cells
International 2016: 8792191.
- Ahmad AL, Ramli WKW, Fernando WJN, Daud WRW (2012). Effect
of ethanol concentration in water coagulation bath on pore
geometry of PVDF membrane for membrane gas absorption
application in CO2
removal. Separation and Purification
Technology 88: 11-18.
- Ali N, Rahim NA, Ali A, Sani W, Nik W et al. (2007). Effect of
ethanol composition in the coagulation bath on membrane
performance. Journal of Applied Sciences 7 (15): 2131-2136.
- Amini AR, Laurencin CT, Nukavarapu SP (2012). Bone tissue
engineering: Recent advances and challenges. Critical Reviews
in Biomedical Engineering 40 (5): 363-408.
- Azimi B, Nourpanah P, Rabiee M, Arbab S (2014). Poly (lactide -coglycolide) fiber: An overview. Journal of Engineered Fibers and
Fabrics 9 (1): 47-66.
- Bakeri G, Ismail AF, Shariaty-Niassar M, Matsuura T (2010). Effect
of polymer concentration on the structure and performance of
polyetherimide hollow fiber membranes. Journal of Membrane
Science 363: 103-111.
- Burkersroda FV, Schedl L, Göpferich A (2002). Why degradable
polymers undergo surface erosion or bulk erosion. Biomaterials
23: 4221-4231.
- Deshmukh SP, Li K (1998). Effect of ethanol composition in water
coagulation bath on morphology of PVDF hollow fibre
membranes. Journal of Membrane Science 150: 75-85.
- Dhandayuthapani B, Yoshida Y, Maekawa T, Kumar DS (2011).
Polymeric scaffolds in tissue engineering application: A review.
International Journal of Polymer Science 2011: 290602.
- Gentile P, Chiono V, Carmagnola I, Hatton PV (2014). An overview
of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-based biomaterials
for bone tissue engineering. International Journal of
Molecular Sciences 15: 3640-3659.
- Gupta VB. Solution-Spinning processes (1997). In: Gupta VB,
Kothari VK (editors). Manufactured Fibre Technology.
London, UK: Chapman and Hall Publishing, pp. 124-138.
- Holy CE, Dang SM, Davies JE, Shoichet MS (1999). In vitro
degradation of a novel poly(lactide- co -glycolide) 75/25 foam.
Biomaterials 20 (13): 1177-1185.
- Idris A, Man Z, Maulud AS, Khan MS (2017). Effects of phase
separation behavior on morphology and performance of
polycarbonate membranes. Membranes (Basel) 7 (2): 21.
- Lanao RPF, Jonker AM, Wolke JGC, Jansen JA, van Hest JCM et
al. (2013). Physicochemical properties and applications of
poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) for use in bone regeneration.
Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews 19: 380-390.
- Langer R, Tirrell DA (2004). Designing materials for biology and
medicine. Nature 428 (6982): 487-492.
- Lu L, Peter SJ, Lyman MD, Lai HL, Leite SM et al. (2000). In vitro
degradation of porous poly(L-lactic acid) foams. Biomaterials
21: 1595-1605.
- Makadia HK, Siegel SJ (2011). Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA)
as biodegradable controlled drug delivery carrier. Polymers
(Basel); 3: 1377-1397.
- Nelson KD, Romero A, Waggoner P, Crow B, Borneman A et al.
(2003). Technique paper for wet-spinning poly(L-lactic acid)
and poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) monofilament fibers. Tissue
Engineering 9 (6): 1323-1330.
- Neves SC, Moreira Teixeira LS, Moroni L, Reis RL, Van Blitterswijk
CA et al. (2011). Chitosan/poly(ε-caprolactone) blend scaffolds
for cartilage repair. Biomaterials 32:1068-1079.
- Pati F, Adhikari B, Dhara S (2012). Development of chitosantripolyphosphate non-woven fibrous scaffolds for tissue
engineering application. Journal of Materials Science: Materials
in Medicine 23 (4): 1085-1096.
- Phua KKL, Roberts ERH, Leong KW (2011). Degradable Polymers.
In: Ducheyne P, Healy KE, Hutmacher DW, Grainger DW,
Kirkpatrick CJ (editors). Comprehensive Biomaterials.
Elsevier, vol. 1, pp. 381-415.
- Puppi D, Dinucci D, Bartoli C, Mota C, Migone C et al. (2011).
Development of 3D wet-spun polymeric scaffolds loaded with
antimicrobial agents for bone engineering. Journal of Bioactive
and Compatible Polymer 26:478-492.
- Rezwan K, Chen QZ, Blaker JJ, Boccaccini AR (2006). Biodegradable
and bioactive porous polymer/inorganic composite scaffolds
for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 27 (18): 3413-31.
- Salamian N, Irani S, Zandi M, Saeed SM, Atyabi SM (2013). Cell
attachment studies on electrospun nanofibrous PLGA and
freeze-dried porous PLGA. Nano Bulletin 2 (1): 130103.
- Sukitpaneenit P, Chung TS (2009). Molecular elucidation of
morphology and mechanical properties of PVDF hollow fiber
membranes from aspects of phase inversion, crystallization
and rheology. Journal of Membrane Science 340 (1–2): 192-
205.
- Tamayol A, Akbari M, Annabi N, Paul A, Khademhosseini A et al.
(2013). Fiber-based tissue engineering: Progress, challenges,
and opportunities. Biotechnology Advances 31: 669-687.
- Verma NK, Khanna SK, Kapila B (2010). Comprehensive Chemistry
XI. New Delhi, India: Laxmi Publications.
- Via AG, Frizziero A, Oliva F (2012). Biological properties of
mesenchymal stem cells from different sources. Muscle,
Ligaments and Tendons Journal 16: 154-162.
- Wu XS, Wang N (2001). Synthesis, characterization, biodegradation,
and drug delivery application of biodegradable lactic/glycolic
acid polymers. Part II: Biodegradation. Journal of Biomaterials
Science, Polymer Edition 12: 21-34.
- Zolnik BS, Burgess DJ (2007). Effect of acidic pH on PLGA
microsphere degradation and release. Journal of Controlled
Release 122: 338-344.
- Zuo DY, Zhu BK, Cao JH, Xu YY (2006). Influence of alcohol-based
nonsolvents on the formation and morphology of PVDF
membranes in phase inversion process. Chinese Journal of
Polymer Science 24 (3): 281-289.