Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the spectrophotometric determination of Fe3+ with a water soluble Cu(II) phthalocyanine compound

DLLME, which is a method that minimizes organic solvent consumption and waste generation, is frequently used for trace analyte determination. In the present work, a simple, selective and sentsitive spectrophotometric method based on the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was reported. The procedure is based on the formation of a 1:1 complex between Fe3+ and a water-soluble Cu(II) phthalocyanine and then extraction of this complex into dichloromethane by dispersive effect of acetone. The experimental parameters that effecting the DLLME such as amount of extractive and disperser solvents, pH, salt concentration, Cu(II) phthalocyanine concentration and centrifuging time and rate were optimized. The linear range of the method is 0.4-70.0 ngmL-1 with a good correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9912. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) is 0.47 and 1.86 ngmL-1. The relative standart deviation (RSD, %) of the method for 40 ngmL-1 Fe3+ in sample solution (n=11) was 1.4% and the enrichment factor was calculated 240.

Keywords:

DLLME, spectrophotometry, iron Cu(II) phthalocyanine,

PDF

___

D. Stoyanovsky, Y. Tyurina, I. Shrivastava, I. Bahar, V. Tyurin, O. Protchenko, S. Jadhav, S. Bolevich, A. Kozlov, Y. Vladimirov, Iron catalysis of lipid peroxidation in ferroptosis: Regulated enzymatic or random free radical reaction, Free Radic Biol Med, 133, 2019, 153–161
Y. Bi, A. Ajoolabady, L.J. Demillard, W. Yu, M.L. Hilaire, Y. Zhang, J. Ren, Dysregulation of iron metabolism in cardiovascular diseases: From iron deficiency to iron overload, Biochem Pharmacol, 190, 2021, 114661–114673.
A.D. Sheftel, A.B. Mason, P. Ponka, The long history of iron in the universe and in health and disease, Bichim Biophysic Acta, 1820, 2012, 161–187.
J. Mao, Q. He, W. Liu, A.D. Sheftel, A.B. Mason, P. Ponka, An rhodamine-based fluorescence probe for iron(III) ion determination in aqueous solution, Talanta, 20, 2010, 2093–2098.
B. Uttara, A.V. Singh, P. Zamboni, R.T. Mahajan, Oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of upstream and downstream antioxidant therapeutic options, Curr Neuropharmacol, 7, 2009, 65–75.
Y. Chen, P. Barak, Iron nutrition of plants in calcareous soils, Adv Agron, 35, 1982, 217–240.
S. Lakhal-Littleton, Mechanisms of cardiac iron homeostasis and their importance to heart function, Free Radic Biol Med, 133, 2019, 234–237.
C. Camaschella, Iron-deficiency anemia, N Engl J Med, 372(19), 2015, 1832–1843.
J.R. Hunt, Bioavailability of iron, zinc, and other trace minerals from vegetarian diets. Am J Clin Nutr, 78(3), 2003, 633–639.
P.J. Gregory, A. Wahbi, J. Adu-Gyamfi, M. Heiling, R. Gruber, E.J.M. Joy, M.R. Broadley, Approaches to reduce zinc and iron deficits in food systems, Glob Food Sec, 15, 2017. 1–10.
S.O. Fakayade, A.G. King, M. Yakubu, A.K. Mohammed, D.A. Pollard, Determination of Fe content of some food items by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS): a guided-inquiry learning experience in instrumental analysis laboratory, J Chem Educ, 89, 2012, 109–113.
E.C. Theil, Iron regulatory elements (IREs): a family of mRNA non-coding sequences, Biochem J, 304, 1994, 1–11.
M.W. Hentze, L.C. Kuhn, Molecular control of vertebrate iron metabolism: mRNA-based circuits operated by iron, nitric oxide, and oxidative stress, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 93, 1996, 8175–8182.
T.A. Rouault, R.D. Klausner, Post-transcriptional regulation of genes of iron metabolism in mammalian cells, J Biol Inorg Chem, 1, 1996, 494–499.
R.V.C. Cardoso, Â. Fernandes, A.M. Gonzaléz- Paramás, L. Barros, I.C.F.R. Ferreira, Flour fortification for nutritional and health improvement: A review, Food Research Int, 125, 2019, 108576–108587.
M. Auerbach, J.W. Adamson, How we diagnose and treat iron deficiency anemia, Am J Hematol, 91, 2015, 31–38.
H. Tapiero, L. Gate, K. Tew, Iron: deficiencies and requirements, Biomed Pharmacother, 55, 2001, 324–332.
F.E. Viteri, Iron supplementation for the control of iron deficiency in populations at risk, Nutr Rev, 55, 1997, 195–209.
T.A. Rouault,. Iron metabolism in the CNS: implications for neurodegenerative diseases, Nat Rev Neurosci, 14, 2013, 551–564.
M.A. Smith, P.L.R. Harris, L.M. Sayre, G. Perry, Iron accumulation in Alzheimer disease is a source of redox-generated free radicals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94, 1997, 9866–9868,
A. Shander, M.D. Cappellini, L.T. Goodnough, Iron overload and toxicity: the hidden risk of multiple blood transfusions, Vox Sang, 97, 2009, 185–197.
Y. Kohgo, K. Ikuta, T. Ohtake, Y. Torimoto, J. Kato, Body iron metabolism and pathophysiology of iron overload, Int J Hematol, 88(1), 2008, 7–15.
M.S. Wheal, E. DeCourcy-Ireland, J.R. Bogard, S.H. Thilsted , J.C.R. Stangoulis, Measurement of haem and total iron in fish, shrimp and prawn using ICP-MS: implications for dietary iron intake calculations, Food Chem, 201, 2016, 222–229.
E. Canfranc, A. Abarca, I. Sierra, M.L. Marina, Determination of iron and molybdenum in a dietetic preparation by flame AAS after dry ashing, J Pharm Biomed Analysis, 25 (1), 2001, 103–108.
L. Yang, L. Wang, L. Lın, Z. Peng, G. Lu, Polarographic determination of total iron content using a Fe2+/3+-Methylthymol Blue-NO2- System, Analyt Scienc, 20, 2004, 1655–1659.
V. Fernández, G. Winkelmann, The determination of ferric iron in plants by HPLC using the microbial iron chelator desferrioxamine E, Biometals, 18, 2005, 53–62.
F. Deutsch, P. Hoffman, H.M. Ortner, Field experimental investigations on the Fe (II)-and Fe (III)-content in cloudwater samples, J Atmos Chem, 40(1), 2001, 87–105.
M.J. Ahmed, U.K. Roy, A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of iron(II) aqueous solutions, Turk. J. Chem, 33, 2009, 709–726.
M.A. Kassem, A.S. Amin, Spectrophotometric determination of iron in environmental and food samples using solid phase extraction, Food Chem, 141, 2013, 1941–1946.
L.K. Tintrop, A. Salemi, M.A. Jochmann, W.R. Engewald, T.C. Schmidt, Improving greenness and sustainability of standard analytical methods by microextraction techniques: A critical review, Anal Chim Acta, 1271, 2023, 341468–341472.
A. Sarafraz-Yazdi, A. Amiri, Liquid phase microextraction, Trends Anal Chem, 29, 2010, 1–14.
S. Armenta, S. Garriguez, M. de la Guardia, The role of green extraction techniquesin green analytical chemistry, Trends Anal Chem, 71, 2015, 2–8.
M. Rezaee, Y. Assadi, M.R. Milani Hosseini, E. Aghaee, F. Ahmadi, S. Berijani, Determination of organic compounds in water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, J Chromatogr A, 1116, 2006, 1–9.
A. Bidari, E. Zeini Jahromi, Y. Assadi, M.R. Milani Hosseini, Monitoring of selenium in water samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by iridium-modified tube graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, Microchem J, 87, 2007, 6–12.
M. Gharehbaghi, F. Shemirani, M. Baghdadi, Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and spectrophotometric determination of cobalt in water samples, Int J Environ Anal Chem, 88, 2008, 513–523.
P. Liang, H. Sang, Determination of trace lead in biological and water samples with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction preconcentration, Anal Biochem, 380, 2008, 21–25.
P. Liang, L. Peng, P. Yan, Speciation of As(III) and As(V) in water samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction separation and determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, Microchim Acta, 166, 2009, 47–52.
A.B. Tabrizi, Development of a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for ıron speciation and determination in different water samples, J Hazard Mater, 183, 2010, 688–693.
H. Yan, H. Wang, Recent development and applications of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, J Chromatogr A, 1295, 2013, 1–15.
E.T. Saka, Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic properties of non-peripherally 3-(pyridin-4-yl) propane-1-oxy groups substituted Cu(II) Phthalocyanine and water soluble derivative, Sakarya Unv J Scien, 24, 2020, 1029–1039
R. Zhou, F. Josse, W. Göpel, Z.Z. Öztürk, Ö. Bekaroğlu, Review: Phthalocyanines as sensitive materials for chemicals sensors, Appl Organomet Chem, 10, 1990, 557–577.
R.J. Mortimer, A.L. Dyer, J.R. Reynolds, Electrochromoc organic and polymeric materials for display applications, Displays, 27, 2006, 2–18.
D. Atilla, N. Kılınç, F. Yüksel, A.G. Gürek, Z.Z. Öztürk, V. Ahsen, Synthesis, characterization, mesomorphic and electrical properties of tetrakis(alkylthio) substituted Lutetium(III) bisphthalocyanines, Synthetic Metals, 159, 2009, 13–21.
S.Z. Mohammadi, D. Afzali, Y.M. Baghelani, Ligandless-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of trace amount of copper ions, Anal Chim Acta, 653, 2009, 173–177.
R. Khani, F. Shemirani, B. Majidi, Combination of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and flame atomic absorption spectrometry for preconcentration and determination of copper in water samples, Desalination, 266, 2011, 238–243.
C. Wu, B. Zhao, Y. Li, Q. Wu, C. Wang, Z. Wang, Development of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop for the sensitive determination of in water and beverage samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, Bull Korean Chem Soc, 32(3), 2011, 829–834.
K. Shrivas, N.K. Jaiswal, Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of copper in cereals and vegetable food samples using flame atomic absorption spectrometry, Food Chem, 141, 2013, 2263–2268.
X. Wen, Q. Yang, Z. Yan, Q. Deng, Determination of caadmium and copper in water and food samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with UV-vis spectrophotometry, Microchem J, 97, 2011, 249–254.
M.M. Sanagi, H.H. Abbas, W.A.W. Ibrahim, H.Y. Aboul-Enien, Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method based on solidification of floating organic droplet for the determination of triazine herbicides in water and sugarcane samples, Food Chem, 133, 2012, 557–562.
A. Asghari, M. Ghazaghi, M. Rajabi, M. Behzad, M. Ghaedi, Ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography-UV detection for simultaneous preconcentration and determination of Ni, Co, Cu and Zn in water samples. J Serbian Chem Soc, 79, 2014, 63–76.
D.A. Lambropoulou, T.A. Albanis, Application of solvent microextraction in a single drop for the determination of new antifouling agent in waters, J Chromatogr A, 1049, 2004, 17–23.