Physiological characterization of Turkish bread wheat genotypes for resistance to late drought stress

A number of physiological traits have been proposed as selection criteria for late drought resistance and grain yieldimprovement in wheat. To characterize them in terms of late drought resistance, 64 bread wheat genotypes were evaluated for canopytemperature difference (CTD), leaf senescence rate (LSR), SPAD chlorophyll value, initial fluorescence (Fo), maximum fluorescence(Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv), maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), leaf ash content, and grain ash content in two fieldexperiments conducted in irrigated and late drought conditions during the 2011–12 and 2012–13 seasons in Erzurum, Turkey. Theexperiments were conducted in an 8 × 8 lattice design with two replicates. Significant variation was observed among the genotypes forall the traits. Late drought decreased the grain yield, CTD, SPAD, Fm, Fv, Fv/Fm, and leaf ash content but increased LSR and grain ashcontent. The drought sensitivity of the genotypes was determined by a ranking method based on 25 traits measured in the late droughtconditions. According to the rank-sum (RS) values of the genotypes, four genotypes were defined as resistant, 15 genotypes as mediumresistant, 34 genotypes as medium sensitive, and 11 genotypes as sensitive. Resistant genotypes Müfitbey and Dağdaş 94 produced thehighest grain yields in late drought conditions and appeared to be promising parents for the breeding of resistant cultivars. RS wasnegatively correlated with CTD, SPAD, Fm, Fv, and Fv/Fm, while it was positively correlated with LSR. For screening late droughtresistant genotypes, 15 days post anthesis (15DPA) is the optimum time for Fv, CTD, and SPAD measurements. The stepwise multiplelinear regression analysis indicated that the Fv15DPA, Fv25DPA, CTD15DPA, and SPAD15DPA could explain 75.2% of the total variation in RS.Therefore, the Fv15DPA, Fv25DPA, CTD15DPA, and SPAD15DPA traits can be used as selection criteria as a combination for the classifying ofwheat genotypes in terms of late drought resistance.

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