Influence of seed development and seed position on oil, fatt acids and total tocopherol contents in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.) mükemmel yağ kalitesi nedeniyle dünyanın en önemli yağ bitkilerinden birisidir. Bu araştırma farklı olgunlaşma safhalarında ve farklı tabla pozisyonlarında bulunan ayçiçeği tohumlarının yağ, yağ asitleri ve total tokoferol içeriklerindeki değişimleri saptamak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. 2002 ve 2003 yıllarında çiçeklenmeden sonraki 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 ve 45. günlerde tablalar hasat edilmiştir. Ayçiçeği tohumlarındaki en yüksek yağ içeriği değerine 2002 yılında çiçeklenmeden 35 gün sonra (%45.8) ve 2003 yılında çiçeklenmeden 30 gün sonra (%47.9) ulaşılmış, daha sonra 45. güne kadar yağ içeriği sürekli olarak azalmaya başlamıştır. Yağ asitleri dikkate alındığında, linoleik asit için genel eğilim oleik asidinin tersine olmuştur. Her iki deneme yılında da tohum olgunlaşma sürecinde oleik asit önemli şekilde azalırken, linoleik asit önemli şekilde artmıştır. Palmitik ve strearik asit yıllara bağlı olarak farklı birikim eğilimleri göstermiştir. Total tokoferol değişiminde çiçeklenmeden sonraki 10. günden 35. güne kadar düzenli bir azalış, daha sonra ise düzenli bir artış olduğu saptanmıştır. Tabla üzerinde tohum pozisyonunun yağ içeriği üzerine etkisinin az, ancak yağ asitleri içerikleri üzerine etkisinin güçlü olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tabla kenarından merkeze doğru gidildikçe tohumlarda düzenli olarak linoleik asit azalırken, oleik asit artmıştır. En yüksek total tokoferol içeriği tablanın kenar tohumlarında bulunmuştur.

Ayçiçeğinde (Helianthus annuus L.) tohum gelişiminin ve tohum pozisyonunun yağ, yağ asitleri ve total tokoferol içerikleri üzerine etkisi

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the most important oil crops in the world due to its excellent oil quality. This research was conducted to evaluate changes in the contents of oil, fatty acids and total tocopherol of sunflower seeds obtained from different maturity stages and positions on the head. The heads were harvested sequentially 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 days after flowering (DAF) in 2002 and 2003. The oil content of sunflower seeds increased significantly with seed development, reaching a maximum value of 45.8% at 35 DAF in 2002 and 47.9% at 30 DAF in 2003, after which it started to decline gradually up to 45 DAF. With regard to fatty acid composition, the general trend for linoleic acid was the opposite of that for oleic acid. Oleic acid decreased significantly, while linoleic acid increased significantly during the seed maturity process in both years. Palmitic and stearic acids showed different accumulation, patterns depending on the year. In changes in total tocopherol a gradual decrease was detected from 10 to 35 DAF, after which a gradual increase was determined. The position of the seeds on the head had little effect on the oil content, but had a strong effect on the fatty acid contents. Linoleic acid decreased and oleic acid increased linearly from the side to the center seeds. The highest total tocopherol content was found in the side seeds of the head.

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