Effect of wheat cultivars, fertilizers, and fungicides on Fusarium foot rot disease of wheat

Effect of wheat cultivars, fertilizers, and fungicides on Fusarium foot rot disease of wheat

Fusarium culmorum is a principal causal agent of root, crown, and foot rot disease in the wheat-growing areas of Turkey. The effects of different fertilization practices, fungicide sprays, and cultivar reactions of 12 wheat varieties were investigated for disease development in greenhouse conditions in 2006 2007. The fertilizers used in the experiments significantly reduced disease by 27.5%54.7% compared to the nonfertilized control. The plants fertilized with calcium ammonium nitrate (26% N) or composite NPK (15%, 15%, 15%) showed fewer disease symptoms than those fertilized with NPK (20%, 20%, 0%) in the presowing applications. On the other hand, foot rot severity was lower with ammonium nitrate (33% N) than urea (46% N) when applied as a supplement in the 25th and 45th growth stages of the Zadoks scale. Furthermore, fungicide sprays and seed dressing treatments also decreased foot rot symptoms. Seed treatment with tebuconazole lowered disease severity in the subcrown internode compared to the control and it was overall the most effective fungicide with 47.8% efficacy. When plants were sprayed with fluquinconazole, tebuconazole, or epoxyconazole + carbendazim (two times at Zadoks growth stages 31 and 45), disease severity decreased by 96.3%, 93.9%, and 91.0%, respectively. In the cultivar reaction tests, no stable or considerable tolerance was observed in the 12 wheat varieties against foot rot. It may be concluded from this study that fertilizer forms and fungicide preference can play an important role where Fusarium foot rot is the main problem in wheat-growing areas.

___

  • Akgül DS, Erkılıç A (2007). Çukurova’da buğday kök ve kökboğazı çürüklüğünün yaygınlığı ve hastalıkta rolü olabilen Fusarium türlerinin saptanması. Ç.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 22: 59–68 (in Turkish).
  • Balmas V, Delogu G, Sposito S, Rau D, Migheli Q (2006). Use of complexation of tebuconazole with β-cyclodextrin for controlling foot and crown rot of durum wheat ıncited by Fusarium culmorum. J Agr Food Chem 54: 480–484.
  • Bennett WF (1993). Nutrient Deficiencies and Toxicities in Crop Plants. St. Paul, MN, USA: APS Press.
  • Broscious SC, Frank JA (1986). Effects of crop management practices on common root rot of winter wheat. Plant Dis 70: 857–859.
  • Colbach N, Maurin N, Huet P (1996). Influence of cropping system on foot rot of winter wheat in France. Crop Prot 15: 295–305.
  • Cook RJ (1968). Fusarium root and foot rot of cereals in the Pacific Northwest. Phytopathology 58: 1–126.
  • Daly JM (1949). The influence of nitrogen source on the development of stem rust of wheat. Phytopathology 39: 386–394.
  • Dawson WAJM, Bateman GL (2000). Sensitivity of fungi from cereal roots to fluquinconazole and their suppressiveness towards take-all on plants with or without fluquinconazole seed treatment in a controlled environment. Plant Pathol 49: 477–486.
  • Demirci F, Maden S (2006). Triazole grubu fungisitlerin buğday tohumlarında çimlenme ve çıkışa etkileri. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 12 (2): 144–150 (in Turkish).
  • Dodman RL, Wildermuth GB, Klein TA, Ellison FW (1985). Field resistance of wheat cultivars to crown rot (Fusarium graminearum Group 1). In: Parker CA, Rovira AD, Moore KJ, Wong PTW, editors. Ecology and Management of Soilborne Plant Pathogens. St Paul, MN, USA: American Phytopathological Society.
  • Engelhard AW (1989). Soilborne Plant Pathogens: Management of Diseases with Macro- and Microelements. St. Paul, MN, USA: American Phytopathological Society.
  • Gomez AK, Gomez AA (1983). Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. New York, NY, USA: Wiley.
  • Gunfer BM, Touchton JT, Johnston JW (1980). Effects of phosphorus and potassium fertilization on Septoria glume blotch of wheat. Phytopathology 70: 1196–1199.
  • Heitefuss R (1989). Crop and Plant Protection: The Practical Foundations. Chichester, UK: Ellis Horwood Limited.
  • Homdork S, Fehrmann H, Beck R (2000). Effects of field application of tebuconazole on yield, yield components and the mycotoxin content of Fusarium-infected wheat grain. J Phytopathol 148: 1–6.
  • Huber DM, Watson RD (1974). Nitrogen form and plant disease. Ann Rev Phytopathol 12: 139–165.
  • Martin RA, Macleod JA, Caldwell C (1991). Influences of production inputs on incidence of infection by fusarium species on cereal seed. Plant Dis 75: 784–788.
  • Menniti MA, Pancaldi D, Maccaferri M, Casalini L 2003. Effect of fungicides on Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol content in durum wheat grain. Eur J Plant Pathol 109: 109–115.
  • Mihuta-Grimm L, Forster RL (1989). Scab of wheat and barley in southern Idaho and evaluation of seed treatments for eradication of Fusarium spp. Plant Dis 73: 769–771.
  • Smiley R, Wilkins D, Klepper E (1990) Impact of fungicide seed treatment on rhizoctonia root rot, take-all, eyespot and growth of winter wheat. Plant Dis 74: 782–787.
  • Smiley RW, Cook RJ, Pappendick RI (1972). Fusarium foot rot of wheat and peas as influenced by soil applications of anhydrous ammonia and ammonia-potassium azide solutions. Phytopathology 62: 86–91.
  • Smiley RW, Cook RJ (1973). Relationship between take-all of wheat and rhizosphere pH in soils fertilized with ammonium vs. nitrate-nitrogen. Phytopathology 63: 882–889.
  • Smiley RW, Patterson LM (1996). Pathogenic fungi associated with Fusarium foot rot of winter wheat in the semiarid Pacific Northwest. Plant Dis 80: 944–949.
  • Smiley RW, Gourlie JA, Easley SA (2005). Pathogenicity of fungi associated with wheat crown rot complex in Oregon and Washington. Plant Dis 89: 949–957.
  • Spratt ED, Gasser JKR (1970). Effect of ammonium and nitrate forms of nitrogen and restricted water supply on growth and nitrogen uptake of wheat. Can J Soil Sci 50: 263–273.
  • Sundin DR, Bockus WW, Eversmeyer MG (1999). Triazole seed treatments suppress spore production by Puccinia recondita, Septoria tritici, and Stagonospora nodorum from wheat leaves. Plant Dis 83: 328–332.
  • Tousson TA, Nash SM, Snyder WC (1960). The effect of nitrogen sources of glucose on the pathogenesis of Fusarium solani f. phaseoli. Phytopathology 50: 137–140.
  • Weise MV (1987). Compendium of Wheat Disease. 2nd ed. St. Paul, MN, USA: American Phytopathological Society, pp. 53–55.
  • Wildermuth GB, McNamara RB (1994). Testing wheat seedlings for resistance to crown rot caused by Fusarium graminearum group 1. Plant Dis 78: 949–953.
  • Wisniewska H, Kowalczyk K (2005). Resistance of cultivars and breeding lines of spring wheat to Fusarium culmorum and powdery mildew. J Appl Genet 46: 35–40.
  • Younts SE, Musgrove RB (1958). Chemical composition, nutrient absorption and stalk rot incidence of corn as affected by chloride in potassium fertilizer. Agron J 50: 426–429.
  • Zadoks JC, Chang TT, Konzak CF (1974). A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Res 14: 415–421.
  • Zielinska M, Michniewicz M (2001). The effect of calcium on the production of ethylene and abscisic acid by fungus Fusarium culmorum and by wheat seedlings infected with that pathogen. Acta Physiol Plant 23: 79–85.
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry-Cover
  • ISSN: 1300-011X
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 6 Sayı
  • Yayıncı: TÜBİTAK