Rıza KANBER, Sermet ÖNDER, Mustafa ÜNLÜ, Servet TEKIN, S. Metin SEZEN, Kenan DİKER

Different furrow management techniques for cotton production and water conservation in Harran Plain, Şanlıurfa

In this study, the water saving and conservation potential of various furrow irrigation management techniques for irrigated cotton were compared. Conventional every-furrow irrigation with open-end furrows (EFO) and blocked-end furrows (EFB), and alternate every-other-furrow management with open-end furrows (AFO) and blocked-end furrows (AFB), were considered. Considerable seasonal water savings were obtained with AFO and AFB flows, on average from 717 mm to 906 mm, respectively, when compared to EFO. Alternate furrows showed the ability to reduce tailwater runoff considerably. When compared with EFO, water use was reduced by 9063 m3 ha-1 (60%) using AFB and 7167 m3 ha-1 (48%) using AFO, with decreases in yield of 765 kg ha-1 (27%) and 492 kg ha-1 (17%), respectively. Similarly, average water use efficiencies were 0.36 kg m-3 for AFB and 0.31 kg m-3 for AFO, compared to 0.20 kg m-3 for EFO. Results showed the possibility of applying alternate-flow furrow management techniques for water conservation in cotton irrigation. Additionally, the alternate furrow method could also be considered as a deficit irrigation approach in the Harran Plain.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Key words: Alternate furrow, cotton, irrigation efficiencies, surface irrigation, Harran Plain

Different furrow management techniques for cotton production and water conservation in Harran Plain, Şanlıurfa

Keywords:

Key words: Alternate furrow, cotton, irrigation efficiencies, surface irrigation, Harran Plain,

PDF

___

ASAE (2003) Evaluation of irrigation furrows. In: ASAE Standards: EP 419.1. St. Joseph, MI, USA, pp. 919-924.
Aujla MS, Th ind HS, Buttar GS (2005) Cotton yield and water use effi ciency at various levels of water and N through drip irrigation under two methods of planting. Agric Water Manag 71: 167-179.
Ayers RS, Westcot DW (1989) Water quality for agriculture. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 29, Rev. 1, FAO, Rome, Italy.
Bahçeci İ, Nacar AS (2007) Estimation of root zone salinity, using SaltMod, in the arid region of Turkey. Irr Drain 56: 601-604.
Berekatoğlu K, Bahçeci İ (2005) Possibilities of using drainage canal water for irrigation purposes in the Harran Plain. Harran Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 9: 43-52 (in Turkish).
Çetin, Ö (1992) Comparison of Diff erent Irrigation Methods (Furrow, Trickle, LEPA, and Sprinkler) for Cotton under Harran Plain Conditions. Final Report, Ministry of Rural Aff airs, Şanlıurfa, p. 84.
Çetin Ö, Bilgel L (2002) Eff ects of diff erent irrigation methods on shedding and yield of cotton. Agric Water Manag 54: 1-15.
Çullu MA, Atmaca A, Öztürkmen AR, Ağca N, İnce F, Derici MR (2000) Determination of the Probability of Salinity Problems in the Harran Plain. Southeast Anatolia Project Authority Publications, Ankara (in Turkish).
Dinç U, Senol S, Sayın M, Kapur S (1991) Th e physical, chemical and biological properties and classifi cation mapping of soil of the Harran Plain. In: Soils of the Harran Plain (Eds. U Dinç, S Kapur). Pub of the Turkish Sci and Tech Res Council: 1-10.
El-Dine TG, Hosny MM (2000) Field evaluation of surge and continuous fl ows in furrow irrigation systems. Water Res Manag 14: 77-87.
Gençoğlan C, Gençoğlan S, Kırnak H, Akbay C, Boz İ (2005) Harran ovası koşullarında yetiştirilen pamuğun kısıntılı sulama analizi. GAP IV. Tarım Kongresi 21-23 Eylül. 2005, Şanlıurfa, Kongre Bildiri Kitabı 2: 1026-1031.
Goldhamer DA, Peterson CM (1984) A Comparison of Linear Move Sprinkler and Furrow Irrigation on Cotton: A Case Study. Final Technical Report, California Department of Water Resources, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Graterol YE, Eisenhauer DE, Elmore RW (1993) Alternate-furrow irrigation for soybean production. Agric Water Manag 24: 133- 145.
Grattan SR (2002) Irrigation Water Salinity and Crop Production. Water Quality Fact Sheet. Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, UC DANR Electronic Publication Number 8066, Oakland, CA, USA.
Hodges ME, Stone JF, Garton JE, Weeks DL (1989) Variance of water advance in wide-spaced furrow irrigation. Agric Water Manag 16: 5-13.
Horst MG, Shamutalov SS, Gonçalves JM, Pereira LS (2007) Assessing impacts of surge-fl ow irrigation on water saving and productivity of cotton. Agric Water Manag 87: 115-127.
Horst MG, Shamutalov SS, Pereira LS, Gonçalves JM (2005) Field assessment of the water saving potential with furrow irrigation in Fergana, Aral Sea basin. Agric Water Manag 77: 210-231.
Howell TA, Cuenca RH, Solomon KH (1990) Crop yield response. In: Management of Farm Irrigation Systems (Ed. GJ Hoff man). ASAE Monog., Chap 4, St. Joseph, MI, USA, pp. 93-116.
James LG 1988 Principles of Farm Irrigation System Design. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York.
Kanber R, Köksal H, Önder S, Kapur S, Şahan S (2001) Comparison of surge and continuous furrow irrigation methods for cotton. Agric Water Manag 47: 119-135.
Kanber R, Önder S, Ünlü M, Köksal H, Özekici B, Sezen SM, Yazar A, Koç K (1996) Optimization of Surface Irrigation Methods for Cotton and Comparison with Sprinkler Irrigation. Research Report No: 18, GAP Research Projects, Univ. of Çukurova Agricultural Faculty, Research, and Development Project No: 155, Adana, Turkey.
Kang SZ, Shi P, Pan YH, Liang ZS, Hu XT, Zhang Z (2000) Soil water distribution, uniformity and water use effi ciency under alternate furrow irrigation in arid areas. Irr Sci 19: 181-190.
MEF (2007) First national communication on climate change. In: Republic of Turkey. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Ankara, pp. 161-196.
Merriam JL, Shearer MN, Burt CM (1980) Evaluating irrigation system and practices. In: Design and Operation of Farm Irrigation Systems (Ed. ME Jensen). ASAE Monog., 3, St. Joseph, MI, USA, pp. 721-760.
Mintesinot B, Verplancke H, Van Ranst E, Mitiku H (2004) Examining traditional irrigation methods, irrigation scheduling and alternate furrows irrigation on vertisols in northern Ethiopia. Agric Water Manag 64: 17-27.
New L (1971) Infl uence of alternate furrow irrigation and time of application on grain sorghum production. Tex Agric Exp Prog Rep 2953: 26-32.
Özer N, Demirel AF (2004) Problems of water table and salinity in Şanlıurfa and Harran Plains. Symposium on Salinity Management in the Irrigated Areas, Ankara: 157-162.
Pereira LS (1999) Higher performance through combined improvements in irrigation methods and scheduling: a discussion. Agric Water Manag 40: 153-169.
Pereira LS, Oweis T, Zairi A (2002) Irrigation management under water scarcity. Agric Water Manag 57: 175-206.
Pereira LS, Trout TJ (1999) Irrigation methods. In: CIGR Handbook of Agricultural Engineering, Vol 1: Land and Water Engineering (Eds. HN van Lier, LS Pereira, FR Steiner FR). ASAE, St. Joseph, MI, USA, pp. 297-379.
Rice RC, Hunsaker DJ, Adamsen FJ, Clemmens AJ (2001) Irrigation and nitrate movement evaluation in conventional and alternate furrow irrigated cotton. Trans of the ASAE 44: 555-568.
Rodriguez CMM (1989) Pulsed furrow irrigation evaluation. MSc Th esis, Crandfi eld Institute of Technology, Silsoe College, Bedford, p. 58.
Samadi A, Sepaskhah AR (1984) Eff ects of alternate furrow irrigation on yield and water use effi ciency of dry beans. Iran Agric Res 3: 95-115.
Sepaskhah AR, Kamgar-Haghighi AA (1997) Water use and yields of sugar beet grown under every-other-furrow irrigation with diff erent irrigation intervals. Agric Water Manag 34: 71-79.
Stone JF, Garton JE, Webb BB, Reeves HE Kefl emariam J (1979) Irrigation water conservation using wide-spaced furrows. Soil Sci Soc Am J 43: 407-411.
Stone JF, Nofziger DL (1993) Water use and yield of cotton grown under wide-spaced furrow irrigation. Agric Water Manag 24: 27-38.
Stone JF, Reeves HE, Garton JE (1982) Irrigation water conservation by using wide-spaced furrows. Agric Water Manag 5: 309-317.
Tekinel O, Kanber R, Yazar Y, Ünlü M, Topaloğlu F, Çullu MA, Önder S (2001) Pollution of Soil and Water Resources in Southeast Anatolia Region: Th eir Dimensions, Reasons and Solution Proposals. Final Report of UNDP Project Number 17, Southeast Anatolia Project Authority, Ankara.
Tennakoon SB, Milroy SP (2003) Crop water use and water use effi ciency on irrigated cotton farms in Australia. Agric Water Manag 61: 179-194.
Tonkaz T, Çetin M (2007) Eff ects of urbanization and land-use type on monthly extreme temperatures in a developing semi-arid region, Turkey. J Arid Environ 68: 143-158.
Tonkaz T, Çetin M, Tülücü K (2007) Th e impact of water resources development projects on water vapor pressure trends in a semi-arid region, Turkey. Climatic Change 82: 195-209.
Tüzüner A (1980) Toprak ve Su Analiz Laboratuvarları El Kitabı. Tarım Orman ve Köy İşleri Bakanlığı Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Ankara (in Turkish).
USDA-SCS (1998) Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 8th ed. USDA Nat Res Conservation Service, Washington, DC, USA.
Vanjura DF, Upchurch DR, Mahan JR, Burke JJ (2002) Cotton yield and applied water relationships under drip irrigation. Agric Water Manag 55: 217-237.
Walker WR (1989) Guidelines for Designing and Evaluating Surface Irrigation Systems. FAO Irrigation and Drain Paper No: 45, Rome.
Walker WR, Skogerboe GV (1987) Surface Irrigation: Th eory and Practices. Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Cliff s, NJ, USA.
Yavuz MY (1993) Eff ects of diff erent irrigation methods on the cotton yield and water use effi ciency. PhD Th esis. Çukurova University, Institute of Basic and Applied Science, Irrigation and Drainage Department, Adana, p. 196.