Yüksek Kaliteli Kışlık Yulaf Çeşitlerinin Geliştirilmesi

Milli yulaf ıslah programının amacı, yüksek verimli, hastalıklara, kurağa, soğuğa, yüksek sıcağa dayanıklı ve farklı kullanıma (gıda, tane yem ve kaba yem) uygun yeni çeşitler geliştirmektedir. Bu amaca ulaşmak için 2008 ile 2012 yılları arasında verim, bölge verim ve tescil ön denemesi kademelerinde toplam 284 yulaf genotipi (232 hat ve 52 standart çeşit) yağışa bağımlı şartlarda test edilmiştir. Ardışık yulaf ıslah döngülerinde, yüksek verimli ve kaliteli genotipler seçilmiştir. Kalite özellikleri arasında, protein oranı (PO), yağ oranı (YO) ve hektolitre ağırlığı (HA) seleksiyon kriteri olarak tercih edilmiştir. Kalıtım derecesi (H) ve korelasyon katsayıları test edilen genotiplerin tane verimi (TV) ve kalite özellikleri için hesaplanmıştır. TV için H değeri düşük (0.38) fakat kalite özellikleri için orta (sırasıyla 0.66, 0.68 ve 0.57) düzeyde tahmin edilmiştir. Özelliklerarası korelasyon katsayıları incelendiğinde TV ile YO arasında, TV ile HA arasında ve YO ile HA arasında pozitif, TV ile PO arasında, PO ile YO arasında, PO ile HA arasında ise negatif önemli korelasyon katsayıları belirlenmiştir. İncelenen özellikler arasındaki olumsuz korelasyonlar ve düşük-orta H değerleri milli yulaf ıslah programının en önemli zorlukları olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu zorlukları aşmak için ivedilikle yulaf melez bahçesinde yer alan ebeveynlerin (gen havuzu) karakterize edilmesi ve yeni yulaf materyalinin (yurt içinden ve dışından) melez bahçesine katılarak gen havuzunun genişletilmesi önerilebilir. Bu şekilde yüksek verimli ve kaliteli yulaf çeşidi geliştirme olasılığı artırılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

yulaf, kalite, çeşit, ıslah, kalıtım derecesi

Breeding Winter Oat (Avena sativa L.) Varieties with High Quality

The objective of national oat breeding program is to develop the oat varieties with high yielding, resistant to diseases, drought, cold, and heat stresses and suitable for different usages (food, feed, and forage). To achieve that goal, a total of 284 (232 lines + 52 checks) oat genotypes were tested under rain-fed conditions at the yield, advanced yield, and elite yield trials conducted between 2008 and 2012. During the consecutive oat breeding cycles, genotypes with high yielding and acceptable quality were promoted. Among the quality traits, protein content (PC), oil content (OC), and test weight (TW) were preferred as selection criteria. Heritability (H) and correlation coefficients were estimated for the GY and quality characteristics of the genotypes tested. While the H for GY was low (0.38), Hs for quality traits (PC, OC, and TW) were medium (0.66, 0.68, and 0.57, respectively). As for the correlations between the traits of interest, the statistically significant positive relationships were observed between GY and OC, GY and TW, and OC and TW. In contrast, statistically significant negative associations were measured between GY and PC, PC and OC, and PC and TW. Negative relationships and low-medium H values calculated for the traits studied appear to be the most critical obstacles for national oat breeding program. To tackle these obstacles, the parents, i.e., gene pool, used in the oat crossing block should be characterized as soon as possible and enriched with introducing new exotic germplasm. We believe that by doing so, we can develop high yielding and high-quality oat varieties.

Keywords:

Oat, variety, quality,

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