Hava Şeyma YILMAZ, Bedriye BİLİR, Erdal ÇAÇAN, Selim ÖZDEMİR, Eren İNAK, Faik BİNGÖL

Farklı pH’lardaki Sulama Sularının, Cd ile Kontamine Olmuş Toprakta Yetiştirilen Sorgum Bitkisinin, Bazı İz Element (Zn, Mn, Co, Cr, Ni ve Pb) İçeriklerine Etkisi

Çevre kirliliği, dünya çapında mücadele edilen ve uzun yıllar daha mücadelesi artarak devam edecek olan önemli bir sorundur. Çevre kirliliği zincirinin en önemli halkaları arasında tarımsal kirlilik, ağır metaller ve Cd kirliliği sayılabilir. Günümüzde kontamine alanların tarımda kullanılmasında sorgum bitkisi oldukça ön plana çıkmaya başlamıştır. Elementlerin bitkiler tarafından içinde bulundukları çözeltiden emilimlerinde birçok faktör etkili olsa da en önemlisi toprak pH’sıdır. Toprak pH’sı bitkilerin topraktan daha az ya da daha fazla iz element alımına etkide bulunmaktadır. Toprakların pH değerleri ise değişimi kısa vadede kolay olmayan bir süreçtir. Bu çalışmada Cd ile kontamine (10 mg kg-1 Cd) olmuş toprakta yetiştirilen sorgum bitkisinin, farklı pH’lardaki sulama suları ile sulanmasının, bitkinin bazı iz element içeriğine olan etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma saksı denemesi şeklinde kurulmuş, toprakta kontaminasyon sağlanmış ve sorgum bitkilerinin vejetasyon süresi (~120 gün) boyunca 5 farklı pH (pH: 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0) düzeyine sahip su ile sulanmıştır. Hasat sonrası bitkinin kök, gövde, yaprak ve salkımlarında Zn, Mn, Co, Cr, Ni ve Pb konsantrasyonları ölçülmüştür. Bitki organları arasındaki iz element konsantrasyonu dağılımında Pb istatistiksel olarak önemsiz bulunurken, diğer elementlerin konsantrasyonları p<0.01 düzeyinde önemli bulunmuş ve Zn: salkım>gövde>yaprak>kök, Mn: yaprak>kök>salkım=gövde, Co: kök>yaprak>gövde=salkım, Cr: kök>yaprak>salkım>gövde ve Ni: kök>yaprak=salkım>gövde sıralamasını izlemiştir. Artan sulama suyu pH seviyeleri ile birlikte Zn, Mn ve Pb konsantrasyonları genellikle azalış göstermiş, Ni konsantrasyonu yükselen pH’ya paralel şekilde düzenli azalmış, Cr konsantrasyonu ise pH’nın artması ile artış göstermiş ve Co konsantrasyonu istatistiksel olarak önemsiz bulunmuştur. Sonuçta sulama suyundaki pH değişimi sorgum bitkisinin iz element alımında ve bu elementlerin bitki organları arasındaki dağılımında değişime neden olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sorgum, pH, Ağır Metal, İz Element

The Effect of Irrigation Waters at Different pHs on Some Trace Element (Zn, Mn, Co, Cr, Ni ve Pb) Contents of Sorghum Plant Grown in Cd Contaminated Soil

Environmental pollution is an important problem that is being tackled around the world and will continue to be increasingly struggled for many years to come. Among the most important links of the environmental pollution chain are agricultural pollution, heavy metals and Cd pollution. Today, sorghum plant has started to come into prominence in the use of contaminated areas in agriculture. Although many factors are effective in the absorption of elements from solution by plants, the most important one is soil pH. Soil pH affects the uptake of less or more trace elements by plants from the soil. The pH values of the soils are not easy to change in the short term. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of irrigation of sorghum plant grown in soil contaminated with Cd (10 mg kg-1 Cd) with irrigation water of different pH on some trace element content of the plant. The study was established as a pot experiment, soil contamination was ensured and sorghum plants were irrigated with 5 different pH (pH: 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0) water throughout the vegetation period (~120 days). After harvest, Zn, Mn, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb concentrations were measured in the roots, stems, leaves and cluster of the plant. Pb was not found to be statistically significant in the trace element concentration distribution among plant organs. Concentrations of other elements were found to be significant at the p<0.01 level and Zn: cluster>stem>leaf>root, Mn: leaf>root>cluster=stem, Co: root>leaf>stem=cluster, Cr: root>leaf>cluster>stem and Ni: root>leaf=cluster> stem. With increasing pH levels of irrigation water, Zn, Mn and Pb concentrations generally decreased, Ni concentration decreased regularly in parallel with increasing pH, Cr concentration increased with increasing pH and Co concentration was statistically insignificant. As a result, the pH change in the irrigation water caused a change in the trace element uptake of the sorghum plant and the distribution of these elements among the plant organs.

Keywords:

Heavy metal, trace element, pH, sorghum,

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