Gıdalarda Bulunan L-Triptofan, Serotonin, Melatonin Profilleri ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri

Günümüzde bilim ve teknolojinin ilerlemesine bağlı olarak beslenme alışkanlıklarımız değişmiştir. Beslenme şekli ve kalitesi insan sağlığı için önemlidir. Özellikle bazı gıda bileşenleri, merkezi sinir sistemi üzerine depresyon, anksiyete, uyku, iştah gibi çeşitli etkilere sahiptir. Gıda bileşenleri merkezi sinir sistemine; fenilalanin, lösin, izolösin, valin ve tirosin gibi nötral amino asitler aracılığıyla taşınmaktadır. Amino asitler insan beslenmesinde önemli bir yere sahiptirler. Vücutta sentezlenemeyen ve dışarıdan alınması gereken esansiyel amino asitlerden L-triptofan (L-Trp), metabolizmada birçok işlevinden dolayı insan beslenmesinde elzemdir. Son yıllarda bilim dünyası, L-Trpın insan vücudundaki serotonin ve melatonin hormonlarının salgılanmasında öncü olması gibi çeşitli fonksiyonları üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır. Serotonin ve melatonin hormonları insan vücudunda; psikoloji, uyku, vücut sıcaklığı, kan basıncı dengesi, antioksidan etkisi, kanser inhibitörü, cinsellik, otizm ve sirkadiyen ritim gibi faaliyetlerden sorumlu olup; süt, kefir, yoğurt, portakal, çilek, üzüm, zeytinyağı, ceviz, erik, fındık, nar, kahve, kivi ve muz gibi çeşitli gıdalarda bulunmaktadır. Bu makalede triptofan, serotonin ve melatoninin biyosentezi ve metabolizması, çeşitli gıdalardaki profilleri ve bunların fizyolojik ve biyolojik açıdan insan sağlığı üzerine etkileri hakkında son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar derlenmiştir.

L-Tryptophan, Melatonin, Serotonin Profiles in the Foods and their Effects on Health

Nowadays, depending on the progress of science and technology, our eating habits have changed. The shape and quality of nutrition is important for human health. Especially, some food components have various effect on central nervous system such as depression, anxiety, sleep, appetite. Food constituents are transported into the central nervous system via the neutral amino acids such as phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine and valine. Amino acids have an important role in human nutrition. It cannot be synthesized in the body and one of the essential amino acids that must be taken outside, trytophan, is indispensable in human nutrition because of it has the many functions. In recent years, scientific community concentrated on the various functions of L-Trytophan (L-Trp) as pioneer in the secretion of the hormones serotonin and melatoninin in the human body. The hormones serotonin and melatonin is responsible for activities such as psychology, sleep, body temperature, blood pressure balance, antioxidant effect, cancer inhibitor, sexuality, autism and circadian rhythms in human body that they are available in various foods such as milk, kefir, yogurt, orange, strawberry, grape, olive oil, walnut, prune, nut, pomegranate, coffee, kiwi and banana. In this study, L-Trp, serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis and metabolism, food profiles and in terms of their physiological and biological effects on human health has been compiled.

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