Wassu MOHAMED, Vasantha KUMAR, Anteneh Bekele MELAKU

Genetic Diversity of Indigenous and Exotic Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] Genotypes at Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia

Ethiopia is considered as the possible origin and center of diversity for okra. Therefore, this study was conducted with the objectives of determining the genetic distance between indigenous okra collections and exotic commercial varieties and assessing genetic diversity of okra genotypes. The field experiment was conducted at Dire Dawa in 2016 using 14 indigenous collections and 11 exotic varieties in 5 x 5 triple lattice design. Data were collected on 9 and 29 qualitative and quantitative traits, respectively. The genetic distance measured by Euclidean distance ranged from 3.1 to 12.6 with a mean of 7.2. The highest genetic distances were observed between indigenous okra collections and exotic varieties viz. Guba-12 and NamdHari (12.6) followed by Guba-12 and Vellayani (12.3) and Mythri and Guba-12 (11.8). Dendrogram constructed by Unweighted Pairgroup Method with Arithmetic Means grouped the 25 genotypes into seven major clusters in which the three clusters (Cluster II, III and V) were solitary, consisted of one genotype each, Cluster I consisted of six Indian commercial varieties, Cluster IV comprised of seven genotypes (four indigenous okra collections, one variety from USA and two from India), while Cluster VI and VII comprised of 5 and 4 indigenous okra collections, respectively. This study revealed the presence of wide genetic diversity among indigenous okra collections and exotic commercial varieties.

PDF

___

Afifi AA, Clark V. 1990. Computer aided multivariate analysis. Van Nostrand Reinhold.NewYork, USA, USA, Pp 505.
Ahiakpa JK, Kaledzi PD, Adi EB, Peprah S, Dapaah HK. 2013. Genetic diversity, correlation and path analyses of okra [Abelmoschus spp. (L.) Moench] germplasm collected in Ghana. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 2(2):1396-1415.
Aladele SE, Ariyo OJ, de Lapena R. 2008. Genetic relationships among West African okra (Abelmoschus caillei) and Asian genotypes (Abelmoschus esculentus) using RAPD. Afr. J. Biotech. 7: 1426- 1431.
Amoatey HM, GYP Klu, Quartey EK, Doku HA, Sossah FL, Segbefia MM, Ahiakpa JK. 2015. Genetic diversity studies in 29 genotypes of okra (Abelmoschus spp (L.) using 13 quantitative traits. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 5(3): 217-225.
Anderson TW. 1989. An introduction to multivariate statistical analysis. John Wileyand Son, New York. PP 675.
Calisir S, Yildiz MU. 2005. A study on some physico-chemical properties of Turkeyokra (Hibiscus esculenta) seeds. Journal of Food Engineering, 68, 73–78.
Diers BW, Osborn TC. 1994. Genetic diversity of oilseed (Brassica napus) germplasm based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Theor. Appl. Genet., 88:662-668.
Falconer DS, Mackay TFC. 1996. An Introduction to Quantative genetics. Ed, 4. Printice Hall London. PP 464
Habtamu FG, Negussie R, Gulelat DH, Ashagrie ZW, Fekadu B. 2014. Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus): A Review. Food Science and Quality Management Vol.33.
Hailay DT, Marc L, Awash T, Joel S. 2004. Weather-based prediction of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in epidemicprone regions of Ethiopia I. Patterns of lagged weather effects reflect biological mechanisms. Malaria Journal 2004, 3:41 doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-3-41
IPGRI. 1991. Okra Descriptor list. International Crop Network Series 5. International Board for plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR), Rome, Italy.
Johnson RW, Robinson HF, Comstock RE. 1955. Estimating genetic and environmental variability in soya bean. Agronomy Journal, 47: 314-318.
Levoyageur Weather: Djibouti. 2012. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index Mihretu Y, Weyessa G, Adugna D. 2014a. Multivariate analysis among Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] Collection in South Western Ethiopia. Journal of Plant Sciences, 9: 43-50.
Mihretu Y, Weyessa G, Adugna D. 2014b. Variability and association of quantitative traits among okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] collection in South Western Ethiopia. Journal of Biological science, 14: 336-342.
Muluken D, Wassu M, Endale G. 2015. Genetic diversity of Ethiopian okra collection through multivariate analysis at Werer, Rift Valley of Ethiopia. The International Journal of Science & Technoledge (ISSN 2321 – 919X).
Naser MS. 2014. Genetic Diversity of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Monech] landraces from different agroecological regions revealed by AFLP analysis. American- Eurasian Journal of Agriculture. & Environmental Science, 14 (2): 155-160.
Parbhat K, Mamta P. 2012. Genetic diversity and its relationship with heterosis in okra. Vegetable Science, 39 (2): 140-143. Patro TS, Ravisankar C. 2004. Genetic variability and multivariate analysis in okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] Tropical Agricultural Research. 16 : 99-113.
Pradip K, Akotkar DK, De and Pal AK. 2010. Genetic variability and diversity in okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L).Moench]. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 1(4): 393-398.
Prakash K, Pitchaimuthu M, Ravishankar KV. 2011. Assessment of genetic relatedness among okra genotypes [Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench] using rapd markers. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 2(1): 80-86.
Robinson HF, Comstock RE, Harvey PH. 1955. Estimates of heritability and the degree of dominance in maize. Agronomy Journal, 41: 353-359.
Santos BM, Dittmar PJ, Olson SM, Webb SE, Zhang S. 2012. Okra Production in Florida. University of Florida IFAS extension. pp 163-171.
Shujaat A, Azhar HS, Rehmani G, Habib A, Hasnian N, Sikandar KS. 2014. Morpho-Agronomic Characterization of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]. World Applied Sciences Journal, 31(3): 336-340.
Singh SP, Singh HN. 1979. Genetic divergence in okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 51(1): 166-170.
Sneath PHA, Sokal RR. 1973. Numerical Taxonomy: the principles and practice of numerical classification. Fransisco USA W.F Freeman, Pp 573.
Soni O. 2016. Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path analysis in Okra. Department of Horticulture College of Agriculture, Jabalpur 482004 Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh.
Temesgen B, Mebeaselassie A, Million E. 2013. Genetic divergence analysis of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.). International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 5(11): 770-774.
Tesfa B, Yosef A. 2016. Characterization of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) Germplasms Collected from Western Ethiopia. International Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry. Volume 3, Issue 2, PP 11-17.
Thirupathi RM, Hari BK, Ganesh M, Chandrasekhar RK, Begum H, Purushothama RB, Narshimulu G. 2012a. Genetic variability analysis for the selection of elite genotypes based on pod yield and quality from the germplasm of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 8: 639-655.
Tripathi KK, Govila OP, Ranjini W, Vibha A. 2011. Biology of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L). (Moench]. Serious of Crop Specific Biology Document. Ministry of Environment and forests government of India and department of biotechnology ministry of science and technology government of India. Pp 22.
Uzma F., Rishabha M. and Pramod KS. 2013 Extraction and Characterization of Okra Mucilage as Pharmaceutical Excipient. Academic Journal of Plant Sciences 6 (4): 168- 172, 2013.
William MA, Woodbury GW. 1968. Specific gravity-DM relationship and reducing sugar changes affected