Oktay TOMAR, Gökhan AKARCA, Elif BAŞPINAR

Determination of Antifungal Effects of Some Berry Fruits Ethanol Extracts by Disc Diffusion Method

There are many natural growth area in Turkey and utilizability is increasingly in different areas. Berry fruits involve several species such as grape (Vitis spp.), currant (Ribes spp.), rosehip (Rosa spp.), strawberry (Fragaria spp.), raspberry (Rubus spp.), pomegranate (Punica spp.), blackberry (Rubus spp.), bilberry (Vaccinium spp.), mulberry (Morus spp.) and cornelian cherry (Cornus spp.). Berries are soft fruits that turn from red to blue or black. They contain a good source of vitamins and minerals, and they have various phytochemical compositions that relevant to consumer health. Different varieties of berries contain quite variable concentrations of ascorbic acid, folic acid, anthocyanin, flavonol, ellagitannins and many diversity of hydroxybenzoic acid. Berries have antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal and anticarcinogenic properties due to rich content of phytochemical. In this study, Antifungal effect of ethanol extracts obtained from strawberry, raspberry, pomegranate, blackberry, bilberry, mulberry and cornelian cherry against 7 different subspecies of Penicillium, 6 different subspecies of Aspergillus and Mucor racemosus, Botrytis cinerea, Geotrichum candidum, Cladosporium claudosporioides, Rhizopus nigricans species were determined by using disk diffusion method. As a result of the research; It was determined that 9 different samples had antifungal effect on 18 different mold species at various rate. The highest antifungal effect was observed with 24.65 milimeter zone diameter against Mucor racemosus in pomegranate peel extract. This value was followed by blackberry extract against Penicillium glaucum and Penicillium chrysogenum with 20.54 and 20.03 milimeter zone diameter, respectively. It was concluded that the lowest antifungal effect on mold species apart from Aspergillus flavus in blue bilberry extract.

Bazı Üzümsü Meyvelerin Etanol Ekstraktlarının Antifungal Etkisinin Disk Difüzyon Metoduyla Belirlenmesi

Türkiye’de birçok doğal yetişme alanı bulunmakta olup, farklı alanlarda kullanılabilme özelliği giderek artmaktadır. Üzüm (Vitis spp.), frenk üzümü (Ribes spp.), kuşburnu (Rosa spp.), çilek (Fragaria spp.), ahududu (Rubus spp.), nar (Punica spp.), böğürtlen (Rubus spp.), yaban mersini (Vaccinium spp.), dut(Morus spp.) ve kızılcık (Cornus spp.) gibi üzümsü meyvelerin birçok türü bulunmaktadır. Üzümsü meyveler, rengi kırmızıdan maviye veya siyaha dönen yumuşak meyvelerdir. Bu meyveler iyi bir vitamin ve mineral kaynağı olup tüketici sağlığı ile ilgili çeşitli fitokimyasal bileşimlere sahiptir. Farklı üzümsü meyve çeşitleri oldukça değişken konsantrasyonlarda askorbik asit, folik asit, antosiyanin, flavanol, ellagitanen ve birçok hidroksibenzoik asit türevlerini içermektedir. Zengin fitokimyasal içeriğinden dolayı üzümsü meyveler antioksidan, antimikrobiyal, antifungal ve antikanserojen özelliklere sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, çilek, ahududu, nar, böğürtlen, yaban mersini, karadut ve kızılcık meyvelerinden elde edilen etanol ekstraktlarının 7 farklı Penicillium, 6 farklı Aspergillus türleri ile Mucor racemosus, Botrytis cinerea, Geotrichum candidum, Cladosporium claudosporioides, Rhizopus nigricans küflerine karşı antifungal etkisi disk difüzyon yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda; 9 farklı örneğin 18 farklı küf türü üzerinde değişik oranlarda antifungal etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek antifungal etki 24,65 milimetre zon çapı ile Mucor racemosus’a karşı nar kabuğu ekstraktında gözlenmiştir. Bu değeri 20,54 ve 20,03 milimetre zon çapları ile sırasıyla Penicillium glaucum ve Penicillium chrysogenum’a karşı böğürtlen ekstraktı takip etmiştir. Aspergillus flavus türü hariç diğer küf türleri üzerinde en düşük antifungal etkinin ise mavi yaban mersini ekstraktında olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır

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