Artan Dozlarda Kurşun (Pb) Uygulamalarının Tütün Çeşitlerinin Büyüme, Pb ve Mikro Element Konsantrasyonlarına Olan Etkileri

Kurşun (Pb), belirli eşik konsantrasyonları aştığında insanlar, hayvanlar ve bitkiler için tehlikeli olan bir ağır metaldir. Tütün bünyesinde yüksek konsantrasyonlarda kurşun biriktirebilen bir bitkidir. Kurşun alımında tütün genotipleri arasındaki farklılıklar ve bitkilerin kurşuna verdikleri henüz cevap açıkça belirlenmemiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Pb dozlarının (Pb 0; 0,25; 2,5 ve 10 mg kg-1 ) iki farklı tütün çeşidinin (Xanthi/2A ve Nail) biyomas (kök ve yeşil aksam) üretimi, Pb konsantrasyonu ve mikro besin konsantrasyonları üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemektir. Kontrollü koşullar altında yetiştirilen tütün çeşitlerine artan Pb dozları ile birlikte temel makro (N, P ve K) ve mikro (Fe ve Zn) besin elementleri verilmiştir. İki farklı tütün çeşidinde biomas üretimi (kök ve yeşil aksam kuru madde verimi), yeşil aksam Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn ve Cu konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Artan dozlarda Pb uygulaması ile çeşitlerin kuru madde verimi önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir. Kök ve yeşil aksamda ortaya çıkan azalmaya karşın, artan dolarda kurşun uygulamaları ile tütün çeşitlerinin yeşil aksam kurşun konsantrasyonlarında istatiksel olarak önemli artışlara neden olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Artan dozlarda Pb uygulaması ile tütün çeşitlerinin yeşil aksam Zn, Fe, Mn ve Cu konsantrasyonlarında istatiksel olarak önemli artış ve azalışlara neden olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak en yüksek kurşun dozunda dahi Nail ve Xanthi/2A tütün çeşitlerinin yeşil aksamında 1,0 mg kg-1 ’ın altında Pb konsantrasyonuna sahip olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Buna rağmen kurşun ile kirlenmiş topraklarda yetişen tütün çeşitleri ile yapılan tütün mamulleri insanlar içim risk teşkil etmektedir.

The Effects of Increasing Doses of Lead Applications on Growth, Pb And Microelement Concentrations of Tobacco Varieties

Lead (Pb) is a hazardous heavy metal pollutant for humans, animals and plants when the certain threshold concentrations exceeded. Tobacco can accumulate higher concentrations of Pb, and the genotypic differences of tobacco in Pb uptake and the response to Pb have not been clearly determined. The aim of this work was to determine the effects of various lead levels (Pb 0, 0.25, 2.5 and 10 mg kg-1 ) on biomass (shoot and root) production, Pb concentration and micro nutrient concentrations of two tobacco (Xanthi/2A and Nail) varieties. Tobacco plants were grown under controlled conditions, and required macro (N, P and K) and micro (Fe and Zn) nutrients were applied along with increased doses of Pb. The concentrations of Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu concentrations in shoot and dry matter yield (shoot and root) of two tobacco varieties were determined. The increased doses of Pb significantly affected the dry matter yield. Despite the decrease in root and shoot, it was found that tobacco varieties caused significant increases in shoot lead concentrations. Increasing doses of lead to significant increases and decreases in green parts Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu concentrations of tobacco varieties. As a result, it is revealed that Nail and Xanthi / 2A tobacco varieties have a Pb concentration of less than 1.0 mg kg-1, even at the highest lead dose, but tobacco products made with tobacco varieties grown in lead contaminated soils constitute a risk for tobacco smokers.

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