Uluslararası İnsancıl Hukukun Gelişiminde Mağdur Kavramının İncelenmesi
Bu çalışmanın amacı; Uluslararası İnsancıl Hukuk’un gelişiminde mağdur kavramının yerini, kavramın uluslararası alana taşınmasını, temel düzenlemelerdeki tanımlamaları ve algılanış biçimlerini; tazminat sorunu, soruşturma ve dava süreçlerinde mağdurlara yönelik yaklaşımlar, uluslararası suçlarda mağdurun konumu ve mağdur kavramının kapsamı çerçevesinde çözümlemektir. İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası ağır insan hakları ihlallerinin, uluslararası suçlar ve mağdurların odakta tutulmasına yol açtığı göz önüne alınarak, Cenevre Hukuku ve Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi’nin mağdur odaklı yaklaşımlara katkıları ele alınmış, suçların cezasız kalmaması amacı dışında mağdurun bakış açısıyla oluşturulacak bir sisteme ilişkin tartışmalar, olumlu ve olumsuz eleştiriler ve örnek olaylarla birlikte ilgili literatür taramasıyla sunulmuştur. Mağdur kimdir? sorusuna aranan yanıtların uluslararası alanın karmaşık yapısına ve bu nedenle karşılaşılan zorluklara karşın mağdur odağında bir değerlendirmeyle daha etkin ele alındığı görülmüştür. Mevcut durumda çeşitlenen çatışmalar, aktörler ve sorunlar karşısında söz konusu yaklaşımların sürdürülmesinin önemi görülmekte, Uluslararası İnsancıl Hukuk’un inşasında mağdur kavramının ele alınış biçimlerinin mağdur odaklı yaklaşımlara köklü bir temel teşkil ettiği ve yeni tartışmalarda yol gösterici bir nitelikte olduğu değerlendirilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Mağdur, Uluslararası İnsancıl Hukuk, İnsan Hakları, Cenevre Sözleşmeleri
ANALYSING THE CONCEPT OF VICTIMS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW
The aim of this study is to analyze the concept of victims in the development of International Humanitarian Law, the internationalization of the concept, definitions in fundamental regulations, and perceptions of the concept; addressing issues such as compensation, approaches to victims in investigations and legal proceedings, the position of victims in international crimes, and the scope of the victim concept. Considering the serious human rights violations following World War II that led to a focus on international crimes and victims, this study discusses the contributions of Geneva Law and the International Criminal Court to victim-centered approaches, debates on the establishment of a system from the perspective of victims, beyond the aim of ensuring that crimes do not go unpunished, are presented along with positive and negative criticisms and case examples through relevant literature review. It is observed that answers to the question "Who is a victim?" are more effectively addressed with a victim-centered evaluation, despite the complex nature of the international arena and the challenges encountered. In the current context, the importance of maintaining these approaches in the face of diverse conflicts, actors, and issues is recognized, and it is considered that the ways in which the concept of victims is approached in the construction of International Humanitarian Law constitute a solid foundation for victim-centered approaches and provide guidance in new debates.
Keywords:
Victim, International Humanitarian Law, Human Rights, Geneva Conventions,
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- Başlangıç: 2020
- Yayıncı: Mesut UYAR