Organ bağışına yönelik tutumların planlı davranış kuramı çerçevesinde incelenmesi

Bu çalışmada; organ yetmezliği olan hasta ve yakınlarının, kronik hastaların (kanser ve kalp hastaları vb.) ve sağlıklı kişilerin, organ bağışıyla ilgili tutumlarının Planlı Davranış Kuramı (Ajzen, 1985) çerçevesinde incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak, bilgi formu ve araştırmacılar tarafından Planlı Davranış Kuramı (PDK) temelinde geliştirilen bir ölçek kullanılmıştır. Organ yetmezliği olan hasta ve yakınlarının diğer iki gruba kıyasla, PDK’da yer alan tutum, öznel norm, algılanan davranışsal kontrol ve niyet öncüllerinden daha yüksek puan aldığı saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonunda katılımcılara organ bağışı formu verilirse doldurup doldurmayacakları sorulmuştur. Bu formu doldurmayı kabul edenlerin, kabul etmeyenlere göre daha olumlu tutumlara sahip oldukları, davranışları üzerinde daha fazla kontrol algıladıkları ve hissettikleri sosyal baskının daha güçlü olduğu bulunmuştur. PDK’nın tutum, öznel norm ve algılanan davranışsal kontrol değişkenlerinin organ bağışlama niyetini ve davranışını yordamadaki katkıları yapısal eşitlik modeliyle incelenmiştir. PDK temelindeki beklentilere uygulanan yapısal analiz sonucu algılanan davranışsal kontrolün, tutum ve öznel normun, niyet ile olan ilişkilerine aracılık ettiği gösterilmiştir.

Examining the attitudes toward organ donation within the framework of the theory of planned behavior

In the present study, attitudes toward organ donation in transplant patients and their relatives, non-transplant patients (cancer, heart disease etc.) and healthy people were analyzed on the basis of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB - Ajzen, 1985). Data was collected by the personal information form and the attitudes toward organ donation questionnaire based on the TPB. The questionnaire was developed by using the conceptual and methodological considerations as recommended by Ajzen (2002). Transplant patients and their relatives got higher scores compared to other two groups in the TPB’s antecedents of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and intention. At the end of the study, participants were asked if they would agree to sign an organ donation form. Participants who accepted to fill out an organ donation form were found to have more positive attitudes toward organ donation, perceived more control over behavior, and felt more social pressure compared to the ones who did not agree to fill out the form. TPB assumes that the attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and intention are the antecedents of behavior. The contribution of these antecedents on the prediction of organ donation behavior was analyzed by structural equation modeling. In the structural analysis of the data collected on the basis of TPB, it was observed that perceived behavioral control mediated the relationships between attitude-intention, and subjective norm-intention.

___

  • Abraham, C., Sheeran, P. ve Johnson, M. (1998). From health belief to self regulation: Theoretical advances in the psychology of action control. Psychology and Health, 13, 569-591.
  • Afifi, A., Morgan, E., Stephenson, T., Morse, C, Harrison, T., Reichert, T. ve Long, D. (2006). Examining the decision to talk with family about organ donation: Applying the theory of motivated information management. Communication Monographs, 73(2), 188-215.
  • Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: a theory of planned behaviour. J. Kuhl ve J. Beckman, (Ed.), Action-control: From cognition to behaviour içinde (11-39). Heidelberg: Springer.
  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211.
  • Ajzen, I. (2002). Constructing a TpB Questionnaire: Conceptual and methodological considerations. İnternetten 26.10. 2004'te elde edilmiştir: http//www.people.umass.edu/ aizen/pdf/tpb.measurment.pdf.
  • Al Sebayel, M. I. M. ve Khalaf, H. (2004). Knowledge and attitude of intensivists toward organ donation in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Transplantation Proceedings, 36, 1883-1884.
  • Armitage, C. J. ve Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behavior: A meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40,(4) 471-499.
  • Baron, R..M. ve Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator - mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
  • Bilgel, H., Bilgel, N., Okan, N., Kılıçturgay, S., Özen, Y. ve Korun, N. (1991). Public attitudes toward organ donation: A survey in a Turkish community. Transplant International, 4(4), 243-245
  • Bilgel, H., Sadıkoğlu, G., Göktaş, O. ve Bilgel, N.(2004). A survey of the public attitudes toward organ donation in a Turkish community and of the changes that have taken place in the last 12 years. Transplant International, 17, 126-130.
  • Bresnahan, M., Lee, S. Y., Smith, S. W., Shearman, S., Nebashi, R., Park, C. Y. ve Yoo, J. (2007). A Theory of Planned Behavior study of college students' intention to register as organ donors in Japan, Korea, and the United States. Health Communication, 21(3), 201-211.
  • Browne, C. ve Desmond, D. (2008). Intention to consent to living organ donation: An exploratory study. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 13(5), 605-609.
  • Conner, M. ve Sparks, P. (1996). The theory of planned behaviour and health behaviours. M. Conner ve P. Norman, (Ed.), Predicting health behaviour içinde (121- 162). Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
  • Çolak, M., Ersoy, K., Haberal, M., Gürdamar, D. ve Gerçek, Ö. (2008). A household study to determine attitudes and beliefs related to organ transplantation and donation: A pilot study in Yapracik Village, Ankara, Turkey. Transplantation Proceedings, 40, 29-33.
  • De Jong, W., Franz, H. G., Wolfe, S. M., Nathan, H., Payne, D., Reitsma, W. ve diğer. (1998). Requesting organ donation: An interview study of donor and nondonor families. American Journal of Critical Care, 7, 13-23.
  • Erek, E., Süleymanlar, G. ve Serdengeçti, K. (1999). Türkiye 'de nefroloji, dializ ve transplantasyon. İstanbul: Türk Nefroloji Derneği Yayınları.
  • Feeley, T. H. (2007). College students' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours regarding organ donation: An integrated review of the literature. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37(2), 243-271.
  • Giles, M. ve Cairns, E. (1995). Blood donation and Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour: An examination of perceived behavioural control. British Journal of Social Psychology, 34 (2), 173-88.
  • Glasgow, M. E. S. ve Bello, G. (2007). Bone marrow donation: Factors influencing intentions in African Americans. Oncology Nursing Forum, 34(2), 369-377.
  • Godin, G. ve Kok, G. (1996). The theory of planned behaviour: a review of its applications to health related behaviour. American Journal of Health Promotion, 11, 87- 98.
  • Godin, G., Sheeran, P., Conner, M., Germain, M., Blondeau, D., Gagne, C, Beaulieu, D. ve Naccache, H. (2005). Factors explaining the intention to give blood among the general population. Vox Sanguinis, 89, 140-149.
  • Horton, R. L ve Horton, P. J. (1990). Knowledge regarding organ donation: identifying and overcoming barriers to organ donation. Social Science and Medicine, 31, 791- 800.
  • Jöreskog, K. G. ve Sörbom, D. (1993). Lisrel 8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Sortware International.
  • Keçecioğlu, N., Tuncer, M., Akaydın, M. ve Yakupoğlu, G. (1999). Detection of targets for organ donation in Turkey. Transplantation Proceedings, 31, 3373-3374.
  • Kline, R. B. (2005). Principle and practice of structural equation modeling (2. bash). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Madden, T. J., Ellen, P. S. ve Ajzen, I. (1992). A comparison of the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Theory of Reasoned Action. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 3-9.
  • Morgan, S. E. ve Miller, J. K. (2002). Communicating about gifts of life: the effect of knowledge, attitudes, and altruism on behaviour and behavioural intentions regarding organ donation. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 30,163-178.
  • Okka, B. ve Demireli, O. (2008).The public attitudes towards organ donation in Konya. Journal of Medical Ethic, Law & History, 16(3), 148-158.
  • Organ Nakli Koordinatörleri Derneği, (http://www.onkod.org/ organbagisi.php)
  • Radecki, C. M. ve Jaccard, J. (1997). Psychological aspects of organ donation: a critical review and synthesis of individual and next-of-kin donation decisions. Health Psychology, 16(2), 183-195.
  • Sanz, A., Boni, R. C, Ghirardini A., Costa, A. N. ve Manyalich, M. (2008). 2007 International donation and transplantation activity. IRODaT preliminary figures. Organs, Tissues and Cells, (1), 7-10.
  • Siminoff, L. A., Gordon, N., Hewlett, J. ve Arnold, R. M. (2001). Factors influencing families' consent for donation of solid organs for transplantation. Journal of the American Medical Association, 286, 71-77.
  • Siminoff, L.A., Burant, C. ve Youngner, S. J. (2004). Death and organ procurement: Public beliefs and attitudes. Social Science and Medicine, 59, 2325-2334.
  • Uçar, M., Göçgeldi, E., Bedir, O. ve Telatar, G. (2007). Kan bağışında bulunan donörlerin organ bağışına yaklaşımlarının incelenmesi. 11. Ulusal Halk Sağlığı Kongresi, 23-26 Ekim 2007, Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Denizli.
  • Whyte, A. (1997). The ultimate gift. Nursing Times, 9(6), 26- 30.