Obstetrik analjezide 1. evrenin ilerlemiş dönemlerinde kombine spinal-epidural analjezi

Bu çalışma obstetri kliniklerine doğumun ilerleyen dönemlerinde başvuran ve ağrısız doğum isteği olan hastalarda, epidural analjezinin bilinen uzun latent süresini ortadan kaldırmak ve doğum analjezisini bir an önce sağlamak için epidural analjeziye alternatif olarak KSE (kombine spinal epidural) analjezi uygulanıp uygulanmayacağını belirlemek için gerçekleştirildi. Çalışına kapsamına servikal açıklığı > 7 cm olan 65 gebe alındı. KSE; Grup M'e (n=50): 15 mg meperidin+] .25 mg bupivakain, Grup F'e (n=15): 20 j.ıg fentanil +1.25 mg bupivakain, 2.5 mL voluminde uygulandı. Olguların tümüne girişim öncesi ınetoklopromid 10 mg IV uygulandı. uygulama sırasındaki komplikasyonlar, etki başlama süresi, analjezik etki süresi, motor blok derecesi, enstrümental doğum, analjezi başarısı, sezaryen ve anne memnuniyet oranları kaydedildi. Grup M' ve Grup F'de sırasıyla; ilk subaraknoid doz ile (% 941% 100) analjezi sağlandı, Bunlardan (% 641% 60)'ında bu dozla doğum gerçekleşti, başkaca analjezik yapılmadı. Etki başlama süresi; (153.4±48.6 l ].01.3±38.6) saniye, etki süresi; (109.1±22.6 l 83.3±23.8) dakika olarak saptandı. Yan etki ve komplikasyon oranları: yetersiz blok; (% 6/0) bulantı; (% 30/26.6) kusma; (% 16/20), vakum; (% 16113.3), kaşıntı (% 10/60), sedasyon (% 28/33.3), motor blok (% 94/26), sezaryen; (% 6/6.6) anne memnuniyeti ise; (% 88/93.3) olarak saptandı. Her iki yöntemin de; yan etki insidensi yüksek gibi gözükmesine rağmen şiddetli olmaması ve tedavilerinin kolay, ayrıca anne memnuniyetinin yüksek olması nedenleriyle epidural doğum analjezisi için gecikmiş olgularda alternatif olarak önerilebileceği kanısındayız.

Combined spinal-epidural analgesia in advanced first stage of labour

This study was performed on the patients who applied obstetrical ward at the advanced stages of labour and had epidural labour analgesia indications. The aim of this study was to determine whether, combined spinalepidural (CSE) analgesia is superior to epidural analgesia having to shorter latent period than epidural analgesia and to establish labour analgesia as soon as possible. CSE analgesia is applied to 65 parturients during the advanced first stage of labour >7cm (cervical dilatation). After subarachnoid injection of 2.5 mL of 15 mg meperidine+1.25 mg bupivacaine, in Group M (n=5Q), and 20 }ig fentanyl+1.25 mg bupivacaine in Group F (n=15) 20 gauge epidural catheter was introduced. 10 mg of metoclopromid is applied intravenously to all cases before the procedure. During the application, side effects (nausea, vomiting, itching, hypotension, sedation), onset of pain relief, duration of analgesia, level of motor block, instrumental labour, caesarean analgesia success and maternal satisfaction rates were recorded. Only with the first subarachnoidal dose in Group M and in Group F; analgesia is obtained (94 % vs 100 %), this dose was sufficient to perform the labour (64 % vs 60 %), mean time to onset of pain relief was (153.4+48.6 1101.3±38.6) seconds, with analgesia lasting a mean of (109.1±22.6 vs 83.3±23.8) minutes respectively, side effects included nausea (30 % vs 26.6), vomiting (16 % vs 20), itching (10 % vs 60), sedation (28 % vs 33.3), incomplete block (6 % vs 0), vacuum (16 % vs 13.3), motor blockade rate (94 % vs 26) caesarean (6 % vs 6.6), maternal satisfactory (88 % vs 93.3) were recorded. For the cases ivhich are late for epidural labour analgesia, both methods seems to be an alternative method although the side effects seems to be higher but not serious and the treatment is easy and the maternal satisfaction is high.

___

  • 1. Kavuri S, Robalino Y, Janardhan K, Shevde K: Low dose intrathecal meperidine for lower limb orthopaedic surgery. Can J Anaesth 1990; 37:947-8. 2. Patel D, Janardhan Y, Meral B, Robalino J, Shevde K: Comparison of intrathecal meperidine and lidocaine in endoscop- ic urologic procedures. Can J Anaesth 1990; 37:567-70. 3. Honet JE, Arkoosh VA, Norris MC, Huffnagie HJ, Silverman NS, Leighton BL: Comparison among intratechal fentanyl, meperidine, and sufentanil for labor analgesia. Anesth Analg 1992; 75:734-9. 4. Swayze CR, Skerman JH, Walker EB, Sholte FG: Efficacy of subaracnoid meperidine for labor analgesia. Reg Anesth 1991; 16:309-13. 5. Johnson MD, Hurley RJ, Gilbertson LI, Datta S: Conti¬ nuous microcatheter spinal anesthesia with subarachnoid meperi¬ dine for labor and delivery. Anesth Analg 1990; 70:658-61. 6. Norris MC, Grieco WM, Borkowski M, Leighton BL, Arkoosh VA, Huffnagie HJ et al: Complications of labor anal¬ gesia: epidural versus combined spinal epidural techniques. Anesth Analg 1994; 79:529-37. 7. Gültekin S, Toprak S: Obstetrik Analjezi. Anestezi Dergisi 1996; 4:113-9. 8. Rawal N, Zundert AV, Holmström B, Crowhurst JA: Com¬ bined Spinal-Epidural Technique. Reg Anesth 1997; 22:406-23. 9. Collis RE, Davies DWL, Aweling W: Randomised compari¬ son of combined spinal-epidural and epidural analgesia in labour. Lancet 1995; 345:1413-4. 10. Collis RE, Baxandall ML, Srikantharajah ID, Edge G, Kadim MY, Morgan BM: Combined spinal epidural (CSE) analgesia Technique, management and outcome of 300 mothers. Int J Obstet Anesth 1994; 3:75-81. 11. Bromage P: A comparison of-hydrochloride and carbondiox- ide salts of lignocaine and prilocaine in epidural analgesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1965; 16:55-69. 12. Booth JV, Lindsay DR, Olufolabi AJ, El-Moalem HE, Penning DH, Reynolds JD: Subaraknoid meperidine (pethidine) causes significant nausea and vomiting during labor. Anesthesiology 2000; 93:418-21. 13. Mulroy MF: Regional Anesthesia An Illustrated Procedural Guide. 2nd ed. Boston, Little Brown and Company; 1996. p:259-73. 14. Stocks GM, Hallworth SP, Fernando R, England AJ, Columb MO, Lyons G: Minimum local analgesic dose of intrathecal bupivacaine in labor and the effect of intrathecal fen¬ tanyl. Anesthesiology 2001; 94:593-8. 15. Celeski DC, Heindel L, Haas J, Vacchiano CA: Effect of intrathecal fentanyl dose on the duration of labor analgesia. AANAJ 1999; 67:239-44. 16. Palmer CM, Cork RC, Hays R, Van Maren G, Alves D: The dose-response relation of intrathecal fentanyl for labor anal¬ gesia. Anesthesiology 1998; 88:355-61. 17. Palmer CM, Van Maren G, Nogami WM, Alves D: Bupivacaine augments intrathecal fentanyl for labor analgesia. Anesthesiology 1999; 91:84-9. 18. Lee BB, Ngan Kee WD, Hung VY, Wong EL: Combined spinal-epidural analgesia in labour: comparison of two doses of intrathecal bupivacaine with fentanyl. Br J Anaesth 1999;83:868-71.