Tavşanlarda Oryctolagus Cuniculus Çevre Sıcaklığının Yaşama Gücü, Büyüme, Beden Sıcaklığı Ve Kan Değerlerine Etkisi

Beyaz Yeni Zelanda BYZ ve Kaliforniya K ırklarına ait tavşanlar 16°C, 30°C ve 10°C sıcaklıktaki odalardaüretilmiş ve aynı ortamlarda 90 gün büyütülmüştür. Hayvanlarda yaşama gücü, büyüme, beden sıcaklığı, eritrosit,retikülosit, trombosit sayıları, hemoglobin miktarı, hematokrit değeri, lökosit sayısı, lökosit formülü ve sedimentasyon hızı incelenmiştir.Yaşama gücü 30°C’de K %28.57 , 10°C’de BYZ %43.18 ırkında daha yüksek olmuştur. BYZ ve K ırklarındasırasıyla, canlı ağırlık sıcak ortamda 1680 ve 1387.5 g iken, soğukta 1237.37 ve 994.29 g olmuştur. Bedensıcaklığının özellikle BYZ ırkında çevre sıcaklığı ile etkilendiği görülmüştür. BYZ ırkında soğuk ortamda eritrosit 4 548 420/mm3 retikülosit 17 737/mm3 sayıları, hematokrit değeri %35.89 sıcak ortama göre 4 300 000/mm3;16 100/mm3ve %34.40 daha yüksek, lökosit sayısı sıcakta 10.600 x103/mm3 soğuktan 9.653 x103/mm3 dahafazla ve trombosit sayısı, hemoglobin miktarı çevre sıcaklığına göre yaşa bağlı olarak değişmiştir.Sonuç olarak deneylerde kullanılacak tavşan kolonilerinin aynı ırk, yaş ve cinsiyet grubundan oluşturulması vebulguların değerlendirilmesinde yaşama ortamındaki çevre sıcaklığının mutlaka dikkate alınması önerilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Tavşan, çevre sıcaklığı, yaşama gücü, büyüme, beden sıcaklığı, kan değerleri

The Effects Of Ambient Temperature On Survival Rate, Growth, Body Temperature And Hematological Values Of Rabbits

New Zealand White BYZ and Californian K rabbits were born and grown at ambient temperatures of 16°C,30°C and 10°C rooms up to age of 90 days. Survival and growth rate, body temperature, erythrocyte, reticulocyteand trombocyte counts, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit value, sedimentation rate, leucocyte count anddifferential leucocyte count were determined. Survival rate was higher in K 28.57% under 30°C but it was better in BYZ 43.18% under 10°C. While thebody weights were 1680 and 1387.5 g under 30°C, those weights were 1237.37 and 994.29 g in 10°C room for BYZand K, respectively. Body temperature has been effected by ambient temperature especially in BYZ. Under 10°C,the count of erythrocyte 4 548 420/mm3 , reticulocyte 17 737/mm3 , hematocrit value 35.89% were found higherthan 30°C 4 300 000/mm3; 16 100/mm3and 34.40% for BYZ. The leucocyte count in 30°C 10.600 x103/mm3 werehigher than 10°C 9.653 x103/mm3 and the trombocyte count and hemoglobin concentration have been affectedby ambient temperature according to the age. It is recommended that, so as to use the rabbits for experimental purposes, it should be groupped in the samebreed, age and sex. Also, it should be considered in ambient temperature for evaluation of results

Keywords:

Rabbit, ambient temperature, survival rate, growth, body temperature, hematological values,

PDF

___

1. Comberg G: Tierzüchtungslehre. Stuttgart: Eugen-Ulmer-Verlag, 1974.
2. Poyraz Ö: Laboratuvar Hayvanları Yetiştiriciliği. Ankara: A.Ü.Veterinerlik Fakültesi teksir no: 1, 1995.
3. El-Maghawry AM, Yamani KA, Fayez I, Marai M. A preliminary study on performance of some productive traits in New Zealand White and Californian rabbits under Egyptian environments. World Rabbit Science Association, 1988; 264-75.
4. Jiabi P, Pelant RK , Youqing Q. Results of a shipment of 200 rabbits to China in November. 1985. Journal of Applied Rabbit Research 1990; 13(3-4): 138-40.
5. Mach K, Safarova P. Purebreeding and commercial crossing of broiler type rabbits. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemoslavaca 1988; 20(3): 211-16.
6. Ahmed IA, Kosba MA, El-Ezz ZRA, Korany MA. Some factors affecting growth rates in two breeds of rabbits. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research 1986; 31(3): 51-9.
7. Joy AD, Jose MT, Prabhakaran P. Carcass characteristics of American Chinchilla crossbred rabbits. Kerala Journal of Veterinary Science 1985; 16(2): 29-32.
8. Kraus AL, Weisbroth SH, Flatt RE, Brewer N. Biology and diseases of rabbits. New York: Academic Press, 1977.
9. Bhasin V, Shastry VRB, Singh D, Gulyani R, Malhi RS, Kishore K, Singh RN, Lahri SS, Rai RB, Das PK. Performance of broiler rabbits in a subtemperate Himalayan region. Journal of Applied Rabbit Research 1989; 12(4): 263-5.
10. Merdivenci A. Laboratuvar Hayvanı Bakımı, Üretimi ve Deney Tekniği. İstanbul: İ.Ü.Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi, Kurtuluş Matbaası, 1971.
11. Selçuk E. Tavşan Yetiştiriciliği. Tarım Orman ve Köy İşleri Bakanlığı Teşkilatlanma ve Destekleme Gn. Md. Yayını, No:2, Ankara, 1975.
12. Colin M. Rabbit breeding problems in summer. Revista di Coniglicolturra 1990; 27(8): 11-8.
13. Habeeb AA, Aboulnaga AI, Yousef HM. Influence of exposure to high temperature on dailiy gain, feed efficiency and blood components of growing male Californian rabbits. Egyptian Journal of Rabbit Science 1993; 3(1): 73-80.
14. Maertens L, De Groote G. Comparison of feed intake and milk yield of does under normal and high ambient temperature. Journal of Applied Rabbit Research 1990; 13(3-4): 159-62.
15. McNitt JI, Moody GL Jr. Effect of month, breed and parity on doe productivity in southern Louisiana. Journal o f A p p l i e d Rabbit Research 1990; 13(3-4): 169-75.
16. Nichelmann M, Rott M, Rohling H. Beziehungen zur evaporativen Warmeabgabe beim Kaninchen. Monatsh, Veterinarmed 1974; 7: 261-7.
17. Rafai P, Papp Z. Temperature requirement of (rabbit) does for optimal performance. Arch. für Experimentelle Veterinarmedizin 1984; 38(3): 450-7.
18. El-Sayiad GHA, Yamani KO, Tawfeek MI, Yassin HM. Some traits of doe and young rabbits as affected by breed, parity and diet supplementation under Egypt conditions. Egyptian Journal of Rabbit Science 1993; 3(1): 81-90.
19. Adams CE. The laboratory rabbits. In: UFAW handbook on the care and management of laboratory animals. Longman Scientific and Technical, 1985.
20. El-Maghawry AM. Post-weaning daily gain and mortality rate in New Zealand White and Californian rabbits, as affected by some genetic and environmental factors under Egyptian conditions. Egyptian Journal of Rabbit Science 1993; 3(1): 91-102.
21. Parillo LE, Vasenina MS. The development and fattening performance of rabbits of different breeds. Krolikovodstvo 1981; 6: 15-6.
22. Blokes J. Some fertility traits in Californian white rabbits. Chovatel 1986; 25(4): 79-80.
23. Hafez ESE. Klimatisch bedingte Fortpflanzungsstörungen bei Haustieren. Der Tierzüchter 1970; 22: 491-2.
24. Nichelmann M, Rott M, Rohling H. Beziehungen zwischen Energieumsatz und Umgebungstemperatur beim Kaninchen. Monatsh, Veterinarmed. 1974; 7:257-261.
25. Nichelmann M, Rott M, Rohling H. Der Einfluss der Umgebungstemperatur auf die Höhe des Energieumsatzes erwachsener Kaninchen. Arch. exp. Veterinarmmed. 1972; 27: 499-505.
26. Rieck GW. Individuelle Anpassungsreaktionen an die Umwelt als Grundlagen der Konstitution-Adaptationsleistung. In: Comberg G, ed. Tierzüchtungslehre. Stuttgart: Eugen-Ulmer-Verlag, 1974.
27. Casamassima D, Manera C, Mugnozza GS. Influence of the microclimate on rabbit productivity. Revista di Coniglicoltura 1988; 25(11): 31-5.
28. Pericin CA, Grieve P. Seasonal variation of temperatures in rabbits. Laboratory Anim. 1984; 8(3): 230-6.
29. Bianca W. Temperaturregulation durch Verhaltensweise bei Haustieren. Der Tierzüchter 1977; 29: 109-13.
30. Hilliger HG. Stallklima. In: Roots E H, Haupt U, Hartwick H, eds. Veterinarhygiene. Berlin: 1972.
31. Marschang F. Hitzestress und tierishe Leistung bei industrieller Zucht und Haltung. Vet.Med.Nachr. 1973; 3: 183-203.
32. Nichelmann M, Rott M, Rohling H. Der EinfluB der Umgebungstemperatur auf die Warmeabgabe beim Kaninchen. Arch exp Veterinarmed 1972; 27: 507-12.
33. Precht H, Christophersen J, Hensel H. Temperatur und Leben, Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Verlag Spinger, 1995.
34. Gardner MV. The blood picture of normal laboratory animals. Journal of the Franklin Institute 1947; 243(3): 251-8.
35. Schalm OW, Jain NC, Carroll EJ. Normal values in blood of Laboratory, Fur-bearing and Miscellaneous Zoo and Wild Animals. Veterinary Hematology. 3 rd ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1975.
36. Erkol M. Organlar Fizyolojisi. A.Ü.Veteriner Fakültesi Yayınları. Ankara: A.Ü.Basımevi, 1966: 198.
37. Odabaşıoğlu N. Deney Hayvanlarına Toplu Bir Bakış. Bio 435. Ders Notları, Hacettepe Basımevi, 1973.
38. Konuk T. Pratik Fizyoloji I. A.Ü.Tıp Fak. Yayınları, Ders Kitabı, Ankara: 1975: 215.
39. Canat E. Tıbbi Fizyopatoloji, II. Kan. Ankara: Son Havadis Matbaası, 1956.
40. Erkol M, Konuk T. Tavşanlarda hematolojik araştırmalar. A.Ü.Vet Fak Dergisi 1963; 17: 484-99.
41. Grutzmann WM. Histometrische Untersuchungen an Schilddrüse und Nebenniere von Kaninchen bei verschiedenen Haltungstemperaturen. Hannover, Tierarztl. Hochsch., Diss 1976.
42. Schmidt-Nielsen K, Dawson TJ, Hammel HT, Jackson DC. The Jack rabbit- a study in its desert survival. Hvalradets Skifter Norske Videnskaps Akad. Oslo 1967; 48: 125.
43. Jung S. Grundlagen für die zucht und haltung der wichtigsten versuchtiere mit 373 abbildungen, Stuttgart: Gustov Fisher Verlag, 1962.
44. Atakent Ö. Kişisel Görüşme. Dr. Hematolog, Trafik Hastanesi Başhekim Yardımcısı, Ankara, 1995.
45. Daniel WW. Biostatistics, a foundation for analysis in the health sciences. 5th Ed. John Wiley and Sons, USA, 1991.
46. Lui JF, Malheiros JB, Carregal RD, Gianoni MA. Effect of sire, dam and parity on body weight of rabbits at birth, weaning and slaughter. Ars. Veterinaria 1987; 3(1): 127-34.
47. Zimmermann E, Jutta J, Dempfle L. Relation between litter size (number weaned) and later body weight gain in the New Zealand White rabbit. World Rabbit Science Association 1988; 209-214.
48. Mahajan JM, Lahiri SS. Inheritance of broiler traits in New Zealand White rabbits. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 1983; 53(12): 1365-7.
49. Schermer S. Die Blutmorphologie der Laboratoriums tiere, 2. Auf Johaun Ambrosius Barth, Verlag, Leipzig, 1958.
50. Bölükbaşı F. Fizyoloji Ders Kitabı. Vücut ısısı ve Sindirim, Cilt I. A.Ü.Veteriner Fakültesi Yayınları 413, Ankara, 1989.
51. Özcan H. Özel Zootekni Ders Notları, Ankara, 1973.
53. Noyan A. Fizyoloji Ders Kitabı. Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları, No: 2, 1978.
54. Konuk T. İnsan ve evcil hayvanlarda trombosit sayımı için direkt yeni bir metot. A.Ü.Vet.Fak.Derg. 1970; 17: 484-99.