Bitki Islahında Moleküler Belirteçlerin Kullanımı ve Gen Aktarımı
Tarımsal olarak önemli pek çok tür için moleküler belirteç haritaları oluşturulmuştur. Dünyada bu alanda fazla sayıda kaynak ve potansiyel var olmasına rağmen, henüz belirteç yardımlı seleksiyonla MAS gelişen tarım ürünleri için ticari ıslah programlarında beklenen düzeyde yarar sağlanamamaktadır. Bu derlemede, MAS kullanımındaki teknikler ile ilgili genel bilgilerin yanısıra bitki ıslahının hem temel genetik ilkeleri hem de klasik ıslah yöntemlerinden bahsedilmiştir. Ayrıca, bitki ıslahında karşılaşılan sorunlar biyoteknoloji ve genetik mühendislik yöntemleri dikkate alınarak ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir. Genetik ıslah aracı olarak belirteç yardımlı seleksiyon kullanımının potansiyel önemi değerlendirilirken bu tekniğin ekonomik maliyeti, yararları, potansiyel zararları da göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır
Application of the Molecular Marker and Gene Transfer in Plant Breeding
Molecular marker maps have been constructed for the majority of agricultural important species. Despite the enormous potential and considerable resources invested in this field in the world, MAS has not yet delivered its expected benefits in commercial breeding programmes for crops development. This study provides an overview related to the techniques in using, MAS and the basic genetic principles of plant breeding and conventional breeding methods were discussed. In addition, the problems encountered of plant breeding by taking into account the biotechnology and genetic engineering methods were examined in detail. When evaluating the potential merits of applying MAS as a tool for genetic improvement, economic cost, benefits and potential hazards of this technique should be considered
___
- Yıldırım A. Bitki Islahında Markörler Yardımıyla
Seleksiyon (MAS). Gaziosmanpaşa Üniv. Ziraat Fak.
Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü, Tokat, http://genelbilgiler1.
googlepages.com/AY-Markorler Yardımıyla Seleksiyon.
pdf
- fenbilimleri.ege.edu.tr/files/dersler/fen/9129Dokt.htm
Althoff DM, Gitzendanner MA, Segraves KA. The
utility of amplified fragment length polymorphisms in
phylogenetics: a comparison of homology within and
between genomes. Syst Biol, 2007; 56:477-84.
- Hafez EE, Ghany AGAA, Zakil EA. LTR-retrotransposons
based molecular markers in cultivated Egyptian cottons
G. barbadense. Afr J Biotechnol, 2006; 5:1200-4.
- Kafkas S, Perl-Traves R, Kaska N. Unusual Pistacia
atlantica Desf. (Anacardiaceae) monoecious sex type in
the Yunt Mountains of the Manisa Province of Turkey.
Israil J Plant Sci, 2000; 48: 277- 80.
- Parfitt DE, Badenes ML. Phylogeny of the genus Pistacia
as determined from analysis of the chloroplast genome.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1997; 94: 7987-92.
- Kafkas S, Perl-Traves R. Interspecific relationships in
Pistacia based on RAPD fingerprinting. Hortscience,
2002; 37(1): 168-71.
- Ahmad R, Ferguson L, Southwick SM. Identification of
Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) nuts with microsatellite
markers. J Amer Soc Hort Sci, 2003; 128 (6): 898- 903.
- Ahmad R, Ferguson L, Southwick SM. Molecular marker
analyses of Pistachio rootstocks by simple sequence
repeats and sequence related amplified polymorphisms.
J Hort Sci Biotech, 2005; 80 (3): 382-6.
- Paglia G, Morgante M. PCR based multiplex DNA
fingerprinting techniques for the analysis of Conifer
genes. Mol Breeding, 1998; 4: 173-7.
- Marques CM, Araujo JA, Ferreira JG, Whetten R,
O’malley DM, Liu B-H, Sederoff R. AFLP genetic maps
of Eucalyptus globulus and E. tereticornis. Theor Appl
Genet, 1998; 96: 727-37.
- Hurtado MA, Romero C, Vilanova S, Abbott AG, Llacer
G, Badenes ML. Genetic linkage maps of two apricot
cultivars (Prunus armenica L.) and mapping of PPV
(sharka) resistance. Theor Appl Genet, 2002; 105: 182-91.
- Carlier JD, Reis A, Duval MF, Coppens G, Leita JM.
Genetic maps of RAPD, AFLP and ISSR markers in Ananas
bracteatus and A. comosus using the pseudo-testcross
strategy. Plant Breeding, 2004; 123: 186-92.
- Beedanagari SR, Dove SK, Wood WB, Conner JP. A first
linkage map of pecan cultivars based on RAPD and AFLP
markers. Theor Appl Genet, 2005; 110: 1127-37.
- Bolibok H, Rakoczy-Trojanowska M, Hromada A,
Pietrzykowski R. Efficiency of different PCR based
marker systems in assessing genetic diversity among
Winter rye (Secale cereale L.) inbreed lines. Euphytica,
2005; 146: 109-16.
- Duval MF, Bunel J, Sitbon C, Risterucci MA. Development
of microsatellite markers for Mango (Mangifera indica
L.). Mol Ecol Notes, 2005; 5: 824-6.
- Gupta AK, Kang BY, Roy JK, Rajora OP. Large scale
development of selectively amplified microsatellite
polymorphic loci (SAMPL) markers in Spruce (Picea).
Mol Ecol Notes, 2005; 5: 481-3.
- Tam SM, Mhiri C, Vogelaar A, Kerkveld M, Pearce SR,
Grandbastien M, Grandbastien A. Comperative analyses
of genetic diversities within tomato and pepper
collections detected by retrotranspozan based SSAP,
AFLP and SSR. Theor Appl Genet, 2005; 110: 819-31.
- Mnejja M, Garcia-Mas J, Howad W, Arus P. Development
and transportability across Prunus species of 42
polymorphic almond microsatellites. Mol Ecol Notes,
2005; 5: 531-5.
- Saha MC, Mian R, Zwonitzer JC, Chekhovskiy K, Hopkins
AA. An SSR- and AFLP based genetic linkage map of
tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Theor Appl
Genet, 2005; 110: 323-36.
- Tosti N and Negri V. On going on farm micro evolutionary
processes in neighbouring cowpea landraces revealed
by moleculer markers. Theor Appl Genet, 2005; 110:
1275- 83.
- Zhang J, Lu Y, Yu S. Cleaved AFLP (C-AFLP), a modified
amplified fragment lenght polymorphism analysis for
cotton. Theor Appl Genet, 2005; 111: 1385-95.
- Cavalcanti JVJ, Wilkinsin JM. The First genetic maps of
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.). Euphytica, 2007;
157: 131-43.
- Boersma JG, Pallotta M, Li C, Buirchell JB,
Sivasithamparam K, Yang H. Construction of a genetic
linkage map using M-AFLP and identification of
molecular markers linked to domestication genes in
narrow-leafed Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.). Cell Mol
Bio Lett, 2007; 10: 331- 44.
- Altintas S, Toklu F, Kafkas S, Kilian B, Brandolini A,
Özkan H. Estimating genetic diversity in durum and
bread wheat cultivars from Turkey using AFLP and
SAMPL markers. Plant Breeding, 2008; 127: 9-14.
- Li HT, Li YX, Li ZC, Zhang Hl, Qi YW, Wang T. Simple
sequence repeat analysis of genetic diversity in primary
core collection of Peach (Prunus persica). J Integr Plt
Biol, 2008; 50(1): 102-10.
- Wei RP. Predicting Genetic Diversity And Optimizing
Selection In Breeding Programmes. Ph. D. Thesis.
Sweedish University of Agricultural Sciences,
Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology,
Umea, 1995.
- Ledig FT. The conservation of diversity in forest trees.
why and how should genes be conserved? Bioscience,
1988; 38: 471-3.
- Lindgren D. The Population Biology of Clonal
Deployment. In: Clonal Forestry I, Genetics and
Biotechnology, Springer Verlag,1993, 34-49.