Antonio ESQUONAS, Biljana LAZOVIC, Radmila DMITROVIC, Sean ZaCK, Bushra MINA, Isidora SIMONOVIC

Non-invaziv mekanik ventilasyon (NIV) ve yüksek akışlı nazal kanülün (HFNC) olağan dışı komplikasyonları: Sistematik bir derleme

"Modern" non-invaziv mekanik ventilasyonun (NIV) ilk uygulaması, Duchenne Musküler Distrofisi olan bir hastanın başarıyla ventile edildiği 30 yıl öncesine dayanmaktadır. O zamandan beri, özellikle Koronavirüs hastalığı 2019'un (COVID-19) ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte, NIV kullanımı tüm dünyada artışa geçmiştir. Oldukça modern ve güvenli bir tedavi olmasına rağmen, uygulama sırasında komplikasyonlar gelişmesi kaçınılmazdır. Bazı iyi bilinen komplikasyonlara ek olarak, daha nadir görülen başka komplikasyonlar da tanımlanmıştır. Bu yazıda pnömoperitoneum, pnömosefali, parotit, gastrik perforasyon ve barotravma gibi nadir görülen komplikasyonları tanımladık. Bu derlemenin amacı, NIV'in olağandışı komplikasyonlarını, prevalansını ve bu tür komplikasyonların gelişme mekanizmalarını tanımlamaktır. PubMed, Embase ve Cochrane Library'de 'non-invaziv mekanik ventilasyon', 'yüksek akımlı nazal kanül', 'nadir komplikasyon', 'olağandışı komplikasyon' ve 'beklenmeyen komplikasyon' Mesh terimleriyle arama yaparak klinik bir derleme yaptık. Bu terimleri 'pnömoperitoneum', 'parotit', 'pnömosefali', 'gastrik insüflasyon' ve 'barotravma' gibi diğer anahtar kelimelerle eşleştirdik. Derlemeye yirmi sekiz araştırma makalesini dahil ettik. Mekanik ventilasyon uygularken, cihazın mekaniği hakkında yeterince bilgi sahibi olmak ve kullanımı sırasında nadir de olsa gelişebilecek komplikasyonlara aşina olmak gerekmektedir. Noninvaziv mekanik ventilasyonun veya YANK uygulaması sırasında bu tür olayların olası nedenlerinin dikkatli bir şekilde değerlendirmenin yanı sıra söz konusu komplikasyonları hızlı ve etkili bir şekilde tedavi etmek önemlidir.

Unusual complications of non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) and high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC): A systematic review

The first application of modern non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) can be traced back to over 30 years ago when a patient suffering from Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy was successfully ventilated. Since then, the use of NIV has been on the rise throughout the world. Although a very modern and safe therapy, complications during its application are inevitable. In addition to some well-known complications, others have described more rare entities. In this article, we described such rare complications as pneumoperitoneum, pneumocephalus, parotitis, gastric perforation, and barotrauma. The purpose of this review was to describe unusual complications of NIV, their prevalence, and the mechanisms by which such complications arise. We performed a clinical review by searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane libraries with Mesh terms: ‘non-invasive mechanical ventilation’, ‘high-flow nasal cannula’, ‘rare complication’, ‘unusual complication’, and ‘unexpected complication’. These terms were cross-referenced with other keywords: ‘pneumoperitoneum’, ‘parotitis’, ‘pneumocephalus’, ‘gastric insufflation’, and ‘barotrauma’. We included 26 research papers. When applying mechanical ventilation, it is necessary to have a strong knowledge of the mechanics of the device as well as familiarity with the complications that may occur during its use, including less common ones. Prompt and effective treatment of such complications is required, as well as careful consideration of the potential causes of such events, during the application of NIV or HFNC.

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