Covid-19 sürecinde Güney Avrupa ve Türkiye’de emek piyasasına yönelik sosyal koruma tedbirleri

Covid-19 salgınının en şiddetli ve yoğun olarak etkilediği ülkelerin başında Güney Avrupa ülkeleri gelmektedir. Türkiye de bu küresel salgından etkilenmiştir. Güney Avrupa refah modelinin benzer özelliklerini taşıyan Güney Avrupa ülkeleri (İtalya, İspanya, Portekiz ve Yunanistan) ve Türkiye vaka ve ölüm sayısını en aza indirmek amacıyla karantina tedbirleri uygulamaya koymuştur. Sözkonusu karantina tedbirleri özellikle ülke ekonomileri ve emek piyasaları üzerinde yıkıcı etkilere sebep olmuştur. Bu makale Güney Avrupa ülkeleri ve Türkiye’de Covid-19 salgınının seyrini, ülke ekonomileri ve emek piyasaları üzerindeki etkilerini ve bu etkilerin beraberinde gelen olumsuzlukları hafifletmek amacıyla geliştirilen sosyal koruma tedbirlerinin (ücret sübvansiyonları, aktivasyon tedbirleri, emek piyasası düzenlemeleri ve kısa çalışma süreleri) etkinliğini değerlendirmektedir. Yapılan çalışma araştırmaya dahil edilen ülkelerde sosyal koruma tedbirlerinin geçici bir nitelik taşıdığını, uygulanma esaslarının (kapsam, süre ve ödenek miktarı) farklılık göstermekle birlikte ortak noktalar taşıdığını ve uygulama sonrası ilk göstergelerin olumlu sonuçlara işaret ettiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Covid-19, Emek Piyasası, Güney Avrupa Refah Modeli

Social protection measures for the labor market in Southern Europe and Turkey in the covid-19 process

Southern European countries are at the forefront of the countries most severely and intensely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Turkey has also been affected by this global pandemic. Southern European countries which have similar characteristics to the Southern European welfare model (Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Greece) and Turkey have implemented quarantine measures to minimize the number of cases and deaths. The mentioned quarantine measures have had devastating effects, especially on national economies and labor markets. This study evaluates the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in Southern European countries and Turkey, its effects on national economies and labor markets, and the effectiveness of social protection measures (wage subsidies, activation measures, labor market regulations, and shorter working hours) developed to alleviate the negative effects that come with these effects. The study reveals that social protection measures have a temporary nature in the countries included in the research, the principles of implementation (scope, duration, and amount of allowance) differ, but they also have common features, and positive results are implied based on the first indicators after the implementation.

Keywords:

Covid-19, Labour Market, Southern European Welfare Model,

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