ATIKSU VE ARITMA ÇAMURLARININ BİYOLOJİK PARÇALANABİLİRLİĞİNİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİNDE ÖN ARITIMIN ÖNEMİ

Geleneksel biyolojik arıtım sistemlerinde giderilemeyen veya bu sistemlerde zehir (toksik) veya engelleyici (inhibitor) etkisi yaratan organik kirleticilerin arıtımında ön arıtım birimi ve biyolojik arıtım biriminden oluşan birleşik sistemlerin kullanılması önerilmektedir. Ön arıtım kimyasal, fizikokimyasal, enzimatik ve ısıl oksidasyonu temel alan prosesler olabilmektedir. Ön arıtım proseslerinde işletme giderlerinin yüksek olmasından dolayı kirleticilerin kısmı oksidasyonu hedeflenir, tam oksidasyon ise biyolojik arıtım biriminde gerçekleşir. Bu yazıda endüstriyel atıksu ve çamur arıtımında ön arıtım sistemlerinin biyolojik parçalanabilirliği geliştirmesi ve zehirliliği azaltmasındaki etkinliğini vurgulayan çalışmalara yer verilmiştir. Gerek biyolojik parçalanabilirliğin geliştirilmesinde gerekse zehirliliğin azaltılmasında ön arıtım proseslerinin etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ancak bazı araştırmalar göstermiştir ki ön arıtımla oluşan ara ürünler veya proseste kullanılan kimyasallar zehirliliği artırabilmektedir. Bundan dolayı ön arıtım basamağında biyolojik parçalanabilirlik testlerinin yanı sıra zehirliliği belirleyen testlerinin de yapılması önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Enzimatik ön arıtım, fizikokimyasal ön arıtım, kimyasal ön arıtım, birleşik arıtım sistemleri, ısıl ön arıtım

IMPORTANCE OF PRETREATMENT IN ENHANCEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL DEGRADABILITY OF WASTEWATERS AND SLUDGE

The use of the combine systems consist of pre treatment unit and biological treatment unit is proposed at the treatment of organic pollutants which are can not be removed in conventional biological treatment plants or be created toxic/inhibitor effect to this systems. Pre treatment is the processes based on chemical, physicochemical, enzymatic and thermal oxidation. In pre treatment process, a partial oxidation of pollutants is aimed due to be high operating cost; the complete oxidation is realized in the biological treatment unit. In this paper, studys which focused on the biodegradability improvement and the toxicity reduce of pre treatment in the industrial wastewater treatment and the sludge treatment was given. It was defined that pre treatment processes were efficiency in both the biodegradability improvement and the toxicity reduce. But some researchers were shown that the intermediates originated by mean of pre treatment or the chemical matters used in process may be increaed toxicity. On account of this, to perform the toxicity tests by the side of the biodegradability tests is important in pre treatment step.

Keywords:

Enzymatic pre treatment, chemical pre treatment, combined treatment systems, phisicochemical pre treatment, thermal pre treatment,

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