ELAMTU: ELAM ADI VE ELAM TOPRAKLARI ÇERÇEVESİNDE MODERN GÜNEYBATI İRAN’IN COĞRAFİ KİMLİĞİ

İsmini hüküm sürdüğü engebeli ve yüksek coğrafyadan alan Elam Krallığı, çivi yazılı kaynaklarda “Yüksek Ülke” anlamına gelen “Elamtu” ve türevi sözcüklerle ifade edilmiştir. Elam Krallığı, bugünkü İran’ın Huzistan, Fars, Luristan, Kirman ve Senendec bölgelerini içeren ve genel olarak Güneybatı İran olarak bilinen coğrafyada MÖ 3-1. binyıllar arasında hüküm sürmüştür. Krallığa başkentlik yapan Susa ve Anşan şehirleri göz önünde bulundurulduğunda Elam’ın çekirdek bölgesini Huzistan ve Fars illeri meydana getirmiştir. Güneybatı İran, Zagros Dağları ve Huzistan Ovası başta olmak üzere yüksek dağlar ile geniş ovaların bir arada bulunduğu, Karun ve Kerhe gibi nehirlerin yanı sıra Bahtıgan ve Meharlu gibi göllerin yer aldığı, yeryüzü şekilleri ve doğal kaynaklar bakımından zengin bir coğrafyadır. Mezopotamya ile komşu olan söz konusu bölge, farklı iklim ve bitki türlerine ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Yer yer kurak iklimin ağır bastığı bölgede yüksek kesimler kısmen ağaçlarla örtülü iken, ovalık alanlarda nispeten bozkır bitkisi örtüsü öne çıkmaktadır. Tüm bu coğrafi unsurlar, Güneybatı İran coğrafyasının mozaik bir yapı olarak nitelendirilmesine olanak tanımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Elam, Elam Krallığı, Elamlılar, Huzistan, Güneybatı İran, İran Coğrafyası

Elamtu: The Geographical Identity of Modern Southwestern Iran in the Framework of the Name of Elam and the Lands of Elamite

Elamite Kingdom, which takes its name from the rugged and high geography it reigns, is expressed in cuneiform sources with “Elamtu” meaning “High Land” and its derivative words. The Elamite Kingdom ruled between 3rd-1st millennium BC in the geography known as Southwestern Iran, which includes the Khuzestan, Fars, Luristan, Kerman and Senendaj regions of today's Iran. Considering the cities of Susa and Anshan, which were the capitals of the kingdom, the provinces of Khuzestan and Fars formed the core region of Elamite. Southwestern Iran is a geography rich in landforms and natural resources, where high mountains and wide plains, especially the Zagros Mountains and the Khuzestan Plain, coexist, along with lakes such as Bakhtegan and Maharloo as well as rivers such as Karun and Karkheh. The region, which is adjacent to Mesopotamia, hosts to different climates and plant species. In the region where the arid climate prevails in places, while the high parts are partially covered with trees, the steppe vegetation comes to the fore in the plains. All these geographical factors allow the Southwestern Iran geography to be characterized as a mosaic structure.

Keywords:

Elam, Elamite Kingdom, Elamites, Khuzestan, Southwestern Iran, Geography of Iran,

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