Abdel Hameed A. AWAD

1914

Air-borne particulate matter and its viable fraction during severe weather conditions in cairo,egypt

Partiküler maddelerin yüksek dozlarına maruz kalma, şehir ortamlarındaki sert hava ve normal şartlarda oluşabilmektedir. Havadaki asılı tozlar, bunların üzerindeki canlı mikroorganizmalar ve duman konsantrasyonu, sert hava ve normal şartlarda Kahire'de tesbit edilmiştir. Dumanlı sis ve havada asılı tozların olduğu dönem boyunca, ortalama değerler sırasıyla 276 µ$g^{-3}$ ve 347 µ$g^{-3}$ olarak tesbit edilmiştir. Oysa kış fırtınaları boyunca bu değerler, sırasıyla onların yerine geçen kir-leticiler için, 117.5 µ$g^{-3}$ ve 1074 µ$g^{-3}$ (Süre ağırlık ortalaması) olarak bulunmuştur. Sürpriz olarak, normal duman şartları boyunca ortalama değer, Mısır Çevre kanunu No 4 tarafından önerilen (150 µ$g^{-3}$/24h) duman limit değerinin üstü olan 199 µ$g^{-3}$ olarak kay-dedilmiştir. Oysa havadaki asılı toz miktarı, Mısır Çevre Kanunu tarafından önerilen (230 µ$g^{-3}$/24h) limit değerden düşük olan 185.9 µ$g^{-3}$ olarak tesbit edilmiştir. Sülfatlar ve nitratların ortalama değerleri, kış fırtınalı dönemlere göre, dumanlı dönem ler ve normal şartlar boyunca yüksek bulunmuştur. Havada asılı tozların üzerindeki çok az kültüre edilebilir bakteri, fungus ve Streptomyces gibi canlı mikroorganizmalar, dumanlı dönemler boyunca kaydedilmiştir, oysa bu mikroorganizmalar kış toz fırtınaları döneminde havadaki asılı tozlar üzerinde daha fazla sayıda bulunmuşlardır. Günlük olarak hava kirliliğine maruz kalmak, immun sistemi zayıflatır ve aeroallergenlerin etkisini arttırır.
Anahtar Kelimeler:

Mısır (ülke), mikroorganizmalar, toz fırtınası, fırtınalar

Kahire (Mısır)'da sert hava şartlarında havayla taşınan partiküler maddeler ve bunların üzerindeki mikroorganizmalar

Exposure to high levels of particulate matter (PM) has been occurred during severe weather and normal conditions at urban environment. Suspended dust and its viable fraction and smoke concentrations were detected over Cairo during severe weather and normal conditions. During smog episodes, smoke and suspended dust were detected at mean values of 276 µ$gm^{-3}$ and 347 µ$gm^{-3}$, respectively, whereas during winter dust storm they were detected at mean values of 117.5 µ$gm^{-3}$ and 1074 µ$gm^{-3}$ (time weighed average) for the corresponding pollutants, respectively. Surprisingly, during normal conditions smoke was recorded at mean value of 199 µ$gm^{-3}$ that exceeded the limit value of smoke recommended by the Egyptian environmental law No 4 (150 µ$gm^{-3}$ / 24hrs), whereas suspended dust was detected at mean value of 185.9 µgm-3 that was lower than the limit value recommended by the Egyptian environmental law (230 µ$gm^{-3}$ / 24hrs). Sulphates and nitrates were recorded at higher mean values during smog episode and normal conditions t han those recorded during winter storm. The lowest culturable viable fraction associated with suspended dust, including environment /bacteria, fungi and streptomycetes was recorded during smog episodes, whereas the highest viable fraction was recorded during winter dust storm. Daily exposure to air pollution depresses immune system and increases of airway responsiveness to aeroallergens.
Keywords:

Egypt, microorganisms, dust storms, storms,

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Trakya Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar Dergisi B Serisi Fen Bilimleri-Cover
  • ISSN: 1302-647X
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yıllık
  • Başlangıç: 2018
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Air-borne particulate matter and its viable fraction during severe weather conditions in cairo,egypt

Abdel Hameed A. AWAD