Onur Cem DOĞRU

14055

Davranış Değiştirme Tekniklerini Kısa Mesajlarla İleterek Aktif Ulaşım Davranışının Arttırılması

Aktif ulaşımın hem bireyler hem de toplumlar için pek çok yararı vardır. Bu alanda yapılan müdahale çalışmalarının sayısı günden güne artsa da bu müdahaleleri uygulamak, ‘aktif bileşenlerini’ tespit etmek ve/veya tekrar uygulamak her zaman kolay olmamaktadır. Bu çalışma Kontrol Teorisi’ne dayanan davranış değiştirme tekniklerini (hedef koyma (davranış), eylem planlama, davranışın öz-izlenmesi) SMS mesajlarıyla ileterek aktif ulaşımı arttırmayı amaçlayan iki müdahale çalışmasını sunmaktadır. Çalışma 1 kiralanan bisikletlerin kullanımını arttırmayı amaçlamıştır. Katılımcılar kısa mesajlarla üç davranış değiştirme tekniğinin kısa uygulandığı (n = 26), 1 davranış değiştirme tekniğinin uygulandığı (n = 29), veya hiçbir davranış değiştirme tekniğinin uygulanmadığı (n = 40) gruplardan birine seçkisiz olarak atanmışlar ve ilk anketten bir ay sonra ikinci ankete katılmışlardır. İki müdahale grubu birleştirilerek kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında etkinin anlamlı olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışma 2 geliştirilen müdahalenin araba kullanma davranışını azaltıp azaltamayacağını test etmiştir. Katılımcılar 3 davranış değiştirme tekniğinin uygulandığı (n = 29), veya hiçbir davranış değiştirme tekniğinin uygulanmadığı (n = 32) gruplardan birine rastgele olarak atanmışlardır. İlk anketten bir ay sonra doldurulan ikinci ankette katılımcılara geçen süre boyunca kaç kez arabayla işe/okula gidip geldikleri sorulmuştur. Yapılan müdahale çalışmasının marjinal derecede anlamlı olduğu görülmüştür. Her ne kadar düşük katılımcı sayılarına sahip olsalar da yapılan bu iki müdahale çalışması göstermiştir ki kısa mesajlarla iletilerek uygulanan davranış değiştirme teknikleri aktif ulaşımın arttırılması için kullanılabilir. Psikososyal müdahale çalışmalarını kısa mesajlarla iletebilmenin uygulama kolaylığı ve ucuzluğu da göz önüne alındığında, bu tür müdahale çalışmalarının toplum sağlığına potansiyel etkileri oldukça yüksek olabilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler:

Davranış Değiştirme Teknikleri, Kısa Mesaj, Müdahale, Aktif Ulaşım

Delivering Behaviour Change Techniques via Short Text Messages to Promote Active Travel

Active travel has many benefits for both individuals and societies. While the number of interventions aiming to promote active travel increases, it is usually not easy to deliver those interventions, identify ‘active components’ of them, and/or replicate them. The current paper reports two studies testing interventions that used SMS messages to deliver behaviour change techniques (BCTs) based on the Control Theory (i.e., goal-setting (behaviour), action planning, self-monitoring of behaviour). Study 1 sought to increase the use of a bike share scheme. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups that received messages for three BCTs (n = 26), one BCT (n = 29), or no BCTs (n = 40) and were followed up one month later. The effect of intervention on bike use was significant when two intervention groups were combined and compared to the control group. Study 2 tested an intervention to decrease car use. Participants were randomly allocated to one of two experimental groups that receive three BCTs (n = 29) versus no BCTs (n = 32). The effect of the intervention on car use was marginally significant. The results of the two studies suggest that interventions delivering BCTs via SMS message may be used to promote active travel, although both studies were underpowered. Given the relative ease and low cost of delivering psychosocial interventions via SMS messages, the potential public health impact at a population level is, nonetheless, likely to be important.
Keywords:

Behaviour change techniques (BCTs), intervention, text message, active travel,

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Trafik ve Ulaşım Araştırmaları Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 2667-8071
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 2018
  • Yayıncı: Türker ÖZKAN
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