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Biyoekonomi İçin Sürdürülebilir Tedarik Zincirleri: Tarımsal Biyokütle ile İlgili Projeler ve Literatür Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Fosil kaynaklara dayalı malzemelerin biyomateryaller ile, enerji üretiminin ise biyoyakıtlarla veya biyokütle kaynaklarından direkt enerji üretilmesi ile ikame edilmesine dayanan biyoekonomi, döngüsel ekonomide önemli bir yere sahiptir. Biyoekonominin potansiyelinden tam olarak faydalanabilmek için sürdürülebilir tedarik zincirleri gereklidir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki kullanılmayan biyokütle potansiyelinden yararlanabilmek için teorik bir çerçeve sunmayı amaçlamıştır. Biyokütle ve biyoenerji projeleri, alternatif konseptler ve tarımsal biyokütle kaynaklarından yararlanan iş modelleri geliştirmeye yönelik bütünsel bir yaklaşımla yürütülecek gelecekteki çalışmalar için amaca uygun literatüre odaklanılmış ve döngüsel bir biyoekonomi için gerekli olan sürdürülebilir tedarik zincirleri için kavramsal bir çerçevenin geliştirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Araştırmalar, Avrupa'da biyoekonomi kapsamındaki pek çok projenin, çoğunlukla işbirlikçi bir anlayışla yürütüldüğünü ve AB politikaları doğrultusunda finansman mekanizmalarıyla desteklendiğini açıkça göstermektedir. Türkiye'de de benzer şekilde daha fazla düzenleyici politika geliştirilmeli, farkındalık artırılmalı ve tüm sektör paydaşlarını içeren uygulamaya yönelik inovasyon projeleri geliştirilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Döngüsel Ekonomi, Biyoekonomi, Biyoenerji, Biyokütle Tedarik Zincirleri, Tarımsal Kalıntılar

Sustainable Supply Chains for Bioeconomy: A Survey on Projects and Literature on Agro-Biomass

Bioeconomy, which is based on the replacement of materials and energy production based on fossil resources with biomaterials and/or biofuels or energy generation from biomass resources, has an important place in the circular economy. Sustainable supply chains are essential to meet bioeconomy’s full potential. This study aimed to provide a theoretical framework to make use of the untapped biomass potential in Turkey. Study focused on the literature fit for purpose for the further studies to be executed for building a holistic approach on developing biomass and bioenergy projects, alternative concepts and business models utilizing agro-biomass resources and developing a conceptual framework for sustainable supply chains for a circular bioeconomy. Research clearly shows that many projects are executed within the scope of bioeconomy in Europe, mostly with a collaborative sense, and are supported by funding mechanisms in line with EU policies. In Turkey, more regulatory policies should be developed, awareness should be raised, and application-oriented innovation projects should be developed, involving all sector stakeholders.

Keywords:

Circular Economy, Bioeconomy, Bioenergy, Biomass Supply Chains, Agricultural Residues,

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