İlknur YURDAKUL, Kadriye KALINBACAK, İbrahim GEDİKOĞLU

5120

Farklı Yüzey Aktif Maddelerin Soya Bitki Kuru Ağırlığına Etkileri

İlk yoğun kullanımının salgın hastalıkların önlenmesinde ve temizlik işlerinde 1960'lı yıllarda olduğu deterjanların, su ve toprakta bozunmadan kalması ve bu sularla yetiştirilen bitkileri etkilemesi, akarsulara, göllere ve denizlere ulaşması canlıları ve insan sağlığını tehdit etmektedir. Bu durum doğanın kirlenmesinde önemli rol oynayan bu maddeler konusunda önlem alma zorunluluğunu ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Çalışma anyonik, katyonik ve iyonik olmayan Yüzey Aktif Maddelerin (YAM), soyanın (Glycine max L.) gelişimine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneme; tuzsuz, hafif alkalin reaksiyonlu, organik madde ve fosforu düşük, kireç ve potasyum kapsamı fazla, killi tınlı bünyeli toprağa, 180 mg N kg-1 (% 26'lık amonyum nitrat) ve 100 mg P kg-1 (% 42–44'lik Triple Süperfosfat) ilavesiyle tesadüf parselleri deneme deseninde 3 tekrarlamalı olarak serada kurulmuştur. Soya ekiminden sonra, YAM'ler 0, 180, 360, 540 ve 720 mg kg-1 seviyelerinde saksılara uygulanmıştır. Soya hasatı ekilişten 50 gün sonra yapılmıştır. Anyonik YAM ve iyonik olmayan YAM uygulaması soya kuru ağırlıklarında (p< 0.01) azalma meydana getirmiş, katyonik YAM ise bir fark oluşturmamıştır. Bitki kuru ağırlığının anyonik ve iyonik olmayan YAM'ler tarafından kısıtlandığı ve azaldığı, soyanın anyonik ve iyonik olmayan YAM bileşiklerine hassasiyet gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre; bu bileşiklerin muhtemelen kök bölgesinde bitki gelişimini olumsuz etkilediği söylenebilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler:

Anyonik, iyonik olmayan yüzey aktif maddeler, katyonik, sera soya , Anionic, nonionic surfactants, cationic, greenhouse, soybean (Glycine max L.)

The Effects of Different Surfactants on Soybean Plant Dry Weight

The first using of detergents to intercept epidemic diseases and clean materials with a majority is in 1960s. Detergents remain in water and earth without decomposing. These contaminated waters affect growing plants badly and threaten the livings in rivers, lakes and seas and the health of people. These substances play an important role in natural and environmental pollution. The compulsion of taking precautions arises. This study has been realized with the purpose of being determined the effects of anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants to the development of soybean. The soil of greenhouse, used for the study is within the scope of much lime and potassium, light alkali reactive, little organic material and phosphorus, clay and without salt. The research was conducted as randomized split parcels with 3 repetitives in greenhouse. Testing was designed with the addition of 180 mg N kg-1 (26% Ammonium Nitrate) and 100 mg P kg-1 (42–44 % triple super phosphate). After soybean sowing, surfactants were applied to the pots with varying degrees 0, 180, 360, 540 and 720 mg kg-1. Soybean was harvested 50 days later from sowing. Anionic and nonionic surfactants caused a decrease dry weight of soybean shoots (p< 0.01). Cationic surfactant did not cause to decrease dry weight of the plant significantly. Dry weight of soybean is limited and reduced the by anionic and nonionic surfactants. Soybean plant was determined to be sensitive anionic and nonionic compounds. According to the results of this study these surfactants negatively affect the growth of plant especially in root area.
PDF

___

  • Anonymous1 (2014). Linear alkybenzene sulfonic acid. Available: http://www.chemicalland21.com/specialtychem/perchem/LAS.htm.
  • Anonymous 2 (2014). Nonionic surfactants. Alkyl polyglycol ethers. Available:http://www.elementisspecialties.c om/esweb/esweb.nsf/pages/surfactants-nonionicsurfactants.
  • Baird JV, Zublena JP (1997). Using wetting agents (nonionic surfactants) on soil. North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service. AG-39-25. May 1993. (TWK/MOC). Available:http://www.soil.ncsu.edu/publications/Soilfacts/AG- 439-25/#Deciding_When_to_Use_a_Wetting_Agent. BMBÇS.
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Biyolojik Çeşitlilik Sözleşmesi. 1992. Kanun No: 4177. Kanun Tarihi: 28/08/1996. Resmi Gazete Tarih: 03/09/1996. Sayı: 22746. Esas No:1/289.
  • Bouyoucus GJ (1951). A recalibration of the hydrometer method for making mechanical analyses of soils. Agronomy Journal. 43:434" 438.
  • Cross J, Singer EJ (1994). Cationic Surfactants: Analytical and Biological Evaluation. ISBN 0-8247-9177-0 (acid-free). Surfactants science series 53. 32. Copyright by Marcel Dekker. Inc. 270 madison Avenue. New York, 10016.USA.
  • Cserhati TE, Forgacs E, Oros G (2002). Biological activity and environmental impact of anionic surfactants. Environ Int. 28(5):337" 48.
  • Czarnota M, Thomas PA (2013). Using surfactants, wetting agents and adjuvants in the greenhouse. B1319. Available: http://www.caes.uga.edu/publications/pubDetail.cfm?pk_id= 7678.
  • Feigenbaum H, Bischoff D (2009). The use of cationizing reagents in the preparation of conditioning polymers for hair and skin care. SKW QUAB Chemicals, Incorporated Park 80 West, Plaza 2, Suite 330 Saddle Brook, New Jersey 07663. Available:http://www.quab.com/files/Personal_Care_Article.pdf,
  • Horowitz M, Givelberg A (1979). Toxic effects of surfactants applied to plant roots. Pest Management Science. 10(6):547-557.
  • Idziak R, Woznica Z (2013). Effect of nitrogen fertilizers and oil adjuvants on nicosulfuron efficacy. Turkish Journal of Field Crops. 18(2):174-178.
  • Jackson ML (1962). Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice-Hall Inc. Englewood, Cliffs. NY.
  • Jordan TB, Johnson, Nice G (2011). Adjuvants Used With Herbicides: Factors to Consider. Purdue Extension Weed Science. Available:https://ag.purdue.edu/btny/weedscience/Do cuments/Adjuvants.
  • İ. Yurdakul, K. Kalınbacak, İ. Gedikoğlu Luzzati A (1981). The effect of detergents on some plants species. II. Laboratory and field tests on oats (Avena sativa), red clover (Trifolium pretense), alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and peas organic compounds in soils. Ann Arbor Science. Publishers Inc. The Butterworth Group. 379-388.
  • Martin AE, Reeve R (1955). A rapid manometric method for determining soil carbonate. Soil Sci. 79:187-197.
  • Matthew JS, Jones MN (2000). The biodegradation of surfactants in the environment. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta– Biomembranes. 1508(1-2):235-251.
  • McFarland ML, Stichler C, Lemon RG (2005). Non- traditional soil additives: Can they improve crop production? Forages. Texas A&M University System AgriLife Extension College Station. TX: Texas – Agrilife – Extension - Service. Available: http://repository.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/87827/ pdf_934.pdf?sequence=1.
  • Olsen SR, Cole V, Watanable FS, Dean LA (1954). Estimation of Available Phosphorus in Soils by Extraction with Sodium Bicarbonate. U. S. Dept. of Agr. Cir. 939. Washington. D.C.
  • Parr JF, Norman AG (2014). Effects of nonionic surfactants on root growth and cation uptake. Available: http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/39/3/502.full.pdf.
  • Renshaw CE, Zynda GD, Fountain JC (1997). Permeability reductions induced by sorption of surfactants. Water Resources Research 33:371-378.
  • Richards LA (1954). Diagnosis and Improvement Saline and Alkaline Soils. U. S. Dep. Agr. Handbook 60.
  • Salager JL (2002). Surfactants - Types and Uses. Venezuela: Laboratorio FIRP Escuela de Ingenieria Quimica.
  • Shimi P (2000). Use of flamer as a herbicide replacement in potato fields. Turkish Journal of Field Crops. 5:41-41. ,
  • Srivastava MM, Khemani LD, Srivastava S (2012). Chemistry of Phytopotentials: Healty, Energy and Environmental Perspectives. In: Effect of Anionic and Non-ionic Surfactants in Soil-Plant System Under Pot Culture, ed. Mohammad, A. and A. Moheman, 261-264, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Heidelberg.
  • Spurrier EC, Jackobs JA (1955). Some Effects of an Anionic Sodium Sulfonate Type Surfactant upon Plant Growth. Contribution from the Department of Agronomy. Illinois Agr. Exp. Sta., Urbana.
  • U.S. Salinity Laboratory Staff. (1954). Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils. Agri. Handbook. No:60, USDA.
  • Walkley A, Black IA (1934). An examination of degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modifi cation of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 37:29-37.
  • Yang X (2008). Effects of a Nonionic Surfactant on Plant Growth and Physiology. Graduate Faculty of Auburn University Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama.
  • Yılmaz G, Dane F (2013). Phytotoxic effects of herbicide attribut and surfactant biopower on the root, stem, and leaf anatomy of Triticum aestivum "Pehlivan". Turkish Journal of Botany. 37:886-893.
Toprak Su Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 2146-7072
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
  • Yayıncı: Toprak Gübre ve Su Kaynakları Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü
Arşiv
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Farklı Yüzey Aktif Maddelerin Soya Bitki Kuru Ağırlığına Etkileri

İlknur YURDAKUL, Kadriye KALINBACAK, İbrahim GEDİKOĞLU

Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Haymana Araştırma ve Uygulama Çiftliği Topraklarının Verimlilik Durumlarını İncelenmesi

Mahmut Reşat SOBA, Ferhat TÜRKMEN, Mehmet Burak TAŞKIN, M. Onur AKÇA, H. Sabri ÖZTÜRK

Akşehir Gölünün Akşehir Çölüne Dönüşü Süreci ve Etki Eden Faktörler

Ali ÇATAL, Orhan DENGİZ

Sulama Suyu Tuzluluğu ve Yıkama Gereksinimi Oranlarının Yoncada Çimlenme ve Gelişmeye Etkisi

Tuğba YETER, Engin YURTSEVEN

Eskişehir ve Sakarya İlleri'nde Kurulu Bazı Damla Sulama Sistemlerinde Performans Göstergelerinin Değerlendirilmesi Damla sulama sistemlerinde performans göstergeleri

Demet UYGAN, Öner ÇETİN