The Effect of Magnetic Treatment on Retarding Scaling Deposition

The magnetic treatment method has been applied as a scale deposition controlling and/or preventing tool for several decades in the domestic and industrial water systems. However, most of the scientific communities have remained skeptical about the viability of this water treatment method. However, the attention paid to magnetic treatment has increased during the last years as a prevention method. Hence, a literature review was carried out to seek both positive and negative results. However, a review of the available literature is rather confusing. An experimental laboratory study on the effect of magnetic treatment method was conducted at the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research's (KISR's) Doha Laboratory for reverse osmosis plant to investigate the effect of magnetic treatment in preventing and/or retarding scaling. Thus, the effect of magnetic treatment in retarding calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and barium sulfate scaling was investigated within two different configurations (open and closed loop) and by using different techniques at ambient temperature. The current paper summarizes the literature survey and expresses the results of experimental work. The results showed that the magnetic treatment was effective in increasing the retention time required for scaling. Nonetheless, further investigation is recommended to optimize magnetic power, flow rate and operating temperature

Keywords:

Barium sulfate (BaSO4) Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3), Calcium Sulfate (CaSO4), Magnetic Treatment,

PDF

___

Martynova O. I., Tebenekhin, E. F. and Gusev. B. T. (1967). Conditions and mechanism of deposition of thesolid calcium carbonate phase from aqeuous [sic] solutions under the influence of a magnetic field.Colloid Journal of Russian Academy of science, 29; 512-514.
Boichenko V. A. and Sapogin. L. G. (1977). Theory of magnetic water treatment. Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics, 33 (2); 350-355.
Grutsch J. F. and McClintock. J. W. (1984). Corrosion and deposit control in alkaline cooling water usingmagnetic water treatment at AMOCO's largest refinery. Corrosion 84 paper no 330
Busch K. W., Busch, M. A. Parker; D. H. Darling, R. E. and Mc Atee Jr. J. L. (1986). Studies of awater treatment device that uses magnetic fields. Corrosion, 42 (4); 211-221.,
Ronald G.; Ziqi, A. Z. James, A. F. and Ram S. R. (1995). Reduction of soluble mineral concentrations inCaSO4 saturated water using a magnetic field. Water Research, 29 (3); 933-940.
Baker J. S., Judd, S. J. and Parsons S. A. (1997). Antiscale magnetic pretreatment of reverse osmosis feedwater. Desalination 110: 151-166.
Barrett R. A. and Parsons. S. A. (1998). The influence of magnetic fields on calcium carbonate precipitation. Water Research, 32 (3); 609-612.
Gabrielli C., Jaouhari, R. Maurin, G. and Keddam, M. (2000). Magnetic water treatment for scale prevention. Water Resources 35 (13); 3249-3259.
Gryta M. (2011). The influence of magnetic water treatment on CaCO3 scale formation in membrane distillation process. Separation and Purification Technology, 80; 293–299.
Freitas, A. M. B, Landgrave, F. J. G. Nvlt, J. and M. Giulietti. (2000). Effect of magnetic field on the crystallization of zinc sulfate. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 17:111-115.
Kobe S.; Drazic, G. McGuiness, P. J. and Strazisar, J. (2001). The influence of the magnetic field on the crystallization form of calcium carbonate and the testing of a magnetic water treatment device. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 236 (1-2); 71-76.
Kobe S., Drazic, G. Cefalas, A. C. Sarantopoulou, E. and Strazisar, J. (2002). Nucleation and crystallization of CaCO3 in applied magnetic fields. Crystal Engineering 5 (3-4); 243-253.
Knez S. and Pohar, C. (2005). The magnetic field influence on the polymorph composition of CaCO3 precipitated from carbonized aqueous solutions. Colloid and Interface Science, 281; 377-388.
Saban K. V., Jini, T. and Varghese, G. (2005). Impact of magnetic field on the nucleation and morphology of calcium carbonate crystals. Crystal Research Technology. 40 (8); 748-751.
Kney A. D. and Parsons. S. A. (2006). A spectrophotometer-based study of magnetic water treatment: assessment of ionic vs. surface mechanisms. Water Research, 40: 517-524.
Alimi F., Tlili, M. Ben-Omar, M. Gabrielli, C. and Maurin, G. (2007). Influence of magnetic field on calcium carbonate precipitation. Desalination, 206:163-168.
Lipus L.C. and Dobersek, D. (2007). Influence of magnetic field on the aragonite precipitation Chemical Engineering Science., 62: 2089 - 2095.
Nirschl H. (2009). Selective magnetic separation- a revolution in solid-liquid separation. Proceedings, International Conference and Exhibition for Filtration and Separation Technology, Filtech 2009, pp. 411-421.
Nirsch H. Selective magnetic separations -DEM simulation of magnetic effects in solid–liquid separation part- 2. Proceedings, International Conference and Exhibition for Filtration and Separation Technology, Filtech 2009, pp. 422-426.
Prisyazhniuk V. A. (2009). Physico-chemical principles of preventing salts crystallization on heat-exchange surfaces. Applied Thermal Engineering, 29 (14-15); 3182-3188.
Cai, R.; Hongwei, Y. Jinsong, H. and Wanpeng, Z. (2009). The effects of magnetic fields on water molecular hydrogen bonds. Journal of Molecular Structure, 938 (1-3); 15-19.
Eliassen R., Skinde, R. and Davis, W. (1985). American Water Work Association 50; 1371.
Hasson D. and Bramson, D. (1985). Eng. Chem. Process Design and Development, 24; 588.
Limpert G. J. C. and Raber, J. L. (1985). Tests of nonchemical scale control devices in a once-through system. Materials Performance, 24 (10); 40-45.
Sohnel O. and Mullin, J. W (1988). Interpretation of crystallization induction periods. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 123 (1); 43-50
Al-Qahtani, H. (1996). Effect of magnetic treatment on Gulf seawater. Desalination, 107 (1); 75-81.
Smothers, K. W., Charles, D. C. Brian, T. G. Robert, H. S. and Hock, F. V. (2000). Demonstration and Evaluation of Magnetic Descalers. Technical Report, Department of the Army, Facilities Engineering Utilities. Mergen M.R.D.; Jefferson, B. Parsons, S. and Jarvis, P. (2008). Magnetic ion-exchange resin treatment: impact of water type and resin use. Water Research, 42: (8-9); 1977-1988.
Tai C., Chi-Kao W.; and Meng-Chun C. (2008). Effects of magnetic field on the crystallization of CaCO3 using permanent magnets. Chemical Engineering Science 63: (23); 5606- 5612.
Alimi F.; Tlili, M. Ben-Omar, M. Maurin, G. and Gabrielli, C. (2009). Effect of magnetic water treatment on calcium carbonate precipitation: influence of the pipe material. Chemical Engineering and Processing 48: (8); 1327-1332.
Stuyven B., Vanbutsele, G. Nuyens, J. Vermant, J. and Martens, J. A. (2009). Natural suspended particle fragmentation in magnetic scale prevention device. Chemical Engineering Science 64; 1904 – 1906.
Bin G., Han Hai-bo, and Chai F. (2011). Influence of magnetic field on micro structural and dynamic properties of sodium, magnesium and calcium ions. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals 21; s494- s498.
Madsen H. E. l. (2004). Crystallization of calcium carbonate in magnetic field in ordinary and heavy water. Journal of Crystal Growth, 267; 251–255.
A.C. Cefalas, Kobe, S. Dražic, G. Sarantopoulou, E. Kollia, Z. Stražišar, J. Meden, A. (2008). Nacocrystalization of CaCO3 at solid /liquid interfaces in magnetic field: Quantum approach. Applied Surface Science 254; 6715-6724
A.C. Cefalas, Sarantopoulou, E. Kollia, Z. Riziotis, C. Dražic, G. Kobe, S. Stražišar, J. Meden, A. (2010). Magnetic field trapping in coherent antisymetric states of liquid water molecular rotors, Journal o