Molecular mechanism and toxic effects of anti-coagulant rodenticides
Molecular mechanism and toxic effects of anti-coagulant rodenticides
Objective: Rodenticides are
pesticides that consumed by target mammals and can lead to secondary exposure of predators. Anticoaugulant
rodenticides (LAARs) are widely used for harmful rodent control purposes. LAARs are
divided into two main groups which are the first generation and second generation. Second generation
rodenticides show higher toxicity and they are lethal for rodents in a single feeding with
lower concentrations due to the affinity to binding sites in the liver and greater accumulation and
persistence. However first generation rodenticides generally require higher concentration and consecutive
intake over days in order to accumulate the lethal dose. The aim of this presentation to reviewed
molecular mecanisms and toxic effects which were reported in literatures for anticoagulant
rodenticides. Methods: Anticoagulant rodenticides
inhibit vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) which is an electron carrier vitally involved in
the oxidation reduction cycle leading to γ-carboxylation. Vitamin K is a cofactor of primary importance
in the blood coagulation process as it contributes to the activation of blood subsequently
clotting factors (II, VII, IX, and X). The greater potency and duration of action of long-acting
anticoagulant rodenticides is attributed to their affinity for vitamin K, their ability to disrupt the
vitamin K epoxide cycle at more than one point, hepatic accumulation and unusually long biological
half-lives due to high lipid solubility and enterohepatic circulation. After exposure to LAAR can therefore
lead to a progressive decrease in blood clotting factor between 12 and 24 h after intoxication
resulting in massive bleeding episodes that are potentially fatal. Results: This presentation provide a
comprehensive understanding of LAAR molecular mecanism which causes by vitamin K. Conclusion: In summary, the presented
information about Molecular mechanism and toxic effects of anti-coagulant rodenticides, is
useful for the researchers especially those who are involved in manufacture processes.
Keywords: Rodenticides,
Anticoagulant, Toxicity
___
- Çinel Köksal Karayıldırım
- Ege Üniversitesi, İlaç Geliştirme ve Farmakokinetik Araştırma Uygulama Merkezi