Introduction.The Istanbul Strait is one of the world's most dangerous natural waterways in terms of sea traffic. Istanbul straıt, which have great strategic importance, can cause environmental disasters because of the sea accidents that the may occur. Petroleum pollution that can arise from these vessels can negatively affect the structure of sea water and the marine life.Aim of the study In this study, oil pollution in İstanbul Strait, accidents and investigated scales were researched, the effects of water on dissolved petroleum and diseases that can occur in people consuming marine products. In addition, methods of fighting against petroleum pollution has been assessed at available resources.Methods and Materials Turkish Statistical Institute datas, Turkey Environmental Status Report (2008), Prof.Dr. Kasım Cemal Güven and  Prof. Dr. Bayram Öztürk’s books on Marine Pollution Analysis Methods (2005) and International Covenants and the thesis studies in the references section reseached by author fort his study.Results Hydrocarbons  at  sediments and in the sea water of the İstanbul Strait between 200-2004 were higher than the standards. Therefore ihydrocarbons are thought to have carcinogenic effect in terms of human health, the consumption of hydrocarbons-affected marine products also puts human health at risk. ConclusionsIn order to prevent oil pollution in the İstanbul Strait, it is necessary to reduce the number of sea accidents and it is necessary to intervene as soon as possible to the petroleum pollution which may be the result of sea accidents.