___

• Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, Skatrud J, Weber S, Badr S. The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. N Engl J Med 1993;328:1230-5.
• Gislason T, Almqvist M, Eriksson G, Taube A, Boman G. Prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome among Swedish men-an epidemiological study. J Clin Epidemiol 1988; 41:571-6.
• Sher AE, Thorpy MJ, Shprintzen RJ, Spielman AJ, Burack B, McGregor PA. Predictive value of Müller maneuver in selection of patients for uvulopalatophar- yngoplasty. Laryngoscope 1985;95:1483-7.
• Aboussouan LS, Golish JA, Wood BG, Mehta AC, Wood DE, Dinner DS. Dynamic pharyngoscopy in predicting outcome of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea. Chest 1995;107:946-51.
• Iber C, Ancoli-Israel S, Chesson A, Quan SF. The AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events: rules, terminology and technical specifica- tions. 1st ed. Westchester: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2007.
• Friedman M, Tanyeri H, La Rosa M, Landsberg R, Vaidyanathan K, Pieri S, Caldarelli D. Clinical predic- tors of obstructive sleep apnea. Laryngoscope 1999; 109:1901-7.
• Dreher A, de la Chaux R, Klemens C, Werner R, Baker F, Barthlen G, et al. Correlation between otorhinolar- yngologic evaluation and severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in snorers. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005;131:95-8.
• Viner S, Szalai JP, Hoffstein V. Are history and physi- cal examination a good screening test for sleep apnea? Ann Intern Med 1991;115:356-9.
• Zonato AI, Bittencourt LR, Martinho FL, Jşnior JF, Gregório LC, Tufik S. Association of systematic head and neck physical examination with sever- ity of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Laryngoscope 2003;113:973-80.
• Borowiecki B, Pollak CP, Weitzman ED, Rakoff S, Imperato J. Fibro-optic study of pharyngeal airway during sleep in patients with hypersomnia obstructive sleep-apnea syndrome. Laryngoscope 1978;88:1310-3.
• Katsantonis GP, Maas CS, Walsh JK. The predictive efficacy of the Müller maneuver in uvulopalatophar- yngoplasty. Laryngoscope 1989;99:677-80.
• Terris DJ, Hanasono MM, Liu YC. Reliability of the Muller maneuver and its association with sleep-disor- dered breathing. Laryngoscope 2000;110:1819-23.
• Kim HY, Bok KH, Dhong HJ, Chung SK. The correla- tion between pharyngeal narrowing and the severity of sleep-disordered breathing. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2008;138:289-93.
• Hori Y, Shizuku H, Kondo A, Nakagawa H, Kalubi B, Takeda N. Endoscopic evaluation of dynamic narrow- ing of the pharynx by the Bernouilli effect producing maneuver in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Auris Nasus Larynx 2006;33:429-32.
• Pang KP, Terris DJ, Podolsky R. Severity of obstruc- tive sleep apnea: correlation with clinical examination and patient perception. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2006;135:555-60.
• Kushida CA, Efron B, Guilleminault C. A predictive morphometric model for the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1997;127:581-7.
• Dixon JB, Schachter LM, O’Brien PE. Predicting sleep apnea and excessive day sleepiness in the severely obese: indicators for polysomnography. Chest 2003; 123:1134-41.
• Friedman M, Ibrahim H, Bass L. Clinical staging for sleep-disordered breathing. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002;127:13-21.
• Rodenstein DO, Dooms G, Thomas Y, Liistro G, Stanescu DC, Culée C, et al. Pharyngeal shape and dimensions in healthy subjects, snorers, and patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Thorax 1990;45:722-7.
• Pevernagie DA, Stanson AW, Sheedy PF 2nd, Daniels BK, Shepard JW Jr. Effects of body position on the upper airway of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;152:179-85.
• Nakano H, Ikeda T, Hayashi M, Ohshima E, Onizuka A. Effects of body position on snoring in apneic and nonapneic snorers. Sleep 2003;26:169-72.
• Woodson BT, Naganuma H. Comparison of methods of airway evaluation in obstructive sleep apnea syn- drome. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;120:460-3.
• Acar B, Karabulut H, Babademez MA, Ciftci B, Karasen RM. Evaluation of submucosal minimally invasive lin- gual excision technique for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009;140:281.
• Suratt PM, McTier RF, Wilhoit SC. Upper airway mus- cle activation is augmented in patients with obstruc- tive sleep apnea compared with that in normal sub- jects. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988;137:889-94.
• Mezzanotte WS, Tangel DJ, White DP. Waking genio- glossal electromyogram in sleep apnea patients ver- sus normal controls (a neuromuscular compensatory mechanism). J Clin Invest 1992;89:1571-9.
• Douglas NJ, Jan MA, Yildirim N, Warren PM, Drummond GB. Effect of posture and breathing route on genioglossal electromyogram activity in normal subjects and in patients with the sleep apnea/hypo- pnea syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;148:1341-5.
• Lavie P, Gertner R, Zomer J, Podoshin L. Breathing disorders in sleep associated with “microarousals” in patients with allergic rhinitis. Acta Otolaryngol 1981; 92:529-33.
• McNicholas WT, Tarlo S, Cole P, Zamel N, Rutherford R, Griffin D, et al. Obstructive apneas during sleep in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1982;126:625-8.
• Miljeteig H, Savard P, Mateika S, Cole P, Haight JS, Hoffstein V. Snoring and nasal resistance during sleep. Laryngoscope 1993;103:918-23.
• Atkins M, Taskar V, Clayton N, Stone P, Woodcock A. Nasal resistance in obstructive sleep apnea. Chest 1994;105:1133-5.
• Cuhadaroglu C, Keles N, Erdamar B, Aydemir N, Yucel E, Oguz F, et al. Body position and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Pediatr Pulmonol 2003;36:335-8.