Ayşe AŞKIN ŞENOCAK, Filiz ÜNAL, Mesut YILDIRIR

3111

Çim Alanlarında Kahverengi Yama Hastalığına Neden Olan Rhizoctonia solani’ye Karşı Yerli Bacillus ve Florosan Pseudomonas İzolatlarının Biyokontrol Etkinliğinin Belirlenmesi

Rhizoctonia solani, çok sayıda bitkide hastalık oluşturan tüm dünyada yaygın bir patojen fungustur. Etmen ayrıca çim üzerinde önemli zararlara neden olmaktadır. R. solani anastomosis grupları, çim alanlarında yaprak yanıklığı, geniş yamalar ve kahverengi yama hastalıklarına neden olmaktadır. R. solani’nin neden olduğu kahverengi yama hastalığı, özellikle golf sahalarında ve spor alanlarında ciddi hasara neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, yedi antagonist bakteriyel izolat sera koşullarında çim bitkilerinde Rhizoctonia solani’ye karşı etkileri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada bakteri izolatları, 108 cfu/ml oranında çim tohumlarına bulaştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları, tohuma muamele yapılarak elde edilen çim tohumlarının, muamele edilmeyenlere kıyasla R. solani’ye daha az duyarlı olduğunu göstermiştir. Bakteri inoküle edilen uygulamalarda gözlenen hastalık şiddeti, uygulanmamış olanlara kıyasla anlamlı ölçüde azalmıştır (P < 0.001). En yüksek koruma etkisi 253e izolatında (%91.43) gözlenmiştir. Bunu 187c (%87.62) ve 166fp (% 81.59) izolatları izlemiştir. Bakteri izolatlarının tanımlanması, DNA sekans analizi ile yapılmıştır. Bu izolatlar Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sp., Paenibacillus sp., Pseudomonas putida, Stenotrophomanas rhizophila olarak tanımlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, B. cereus 253e, Bacillus sp. 187c ve P. putida 166fp strainlerinin, çim alanlarında kahverengi yama hastalığının biyolojik kontrolünde kullanılabilecek potansiyel izolatlar olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler:

Rhizoctonia solani, Çim, biyolojik mücadele, bitki gelişiminin teşvik edilmesi

Determination of the Biocontrol Efficiency of Native Bacillus and Fluorescent Pseudomonas Isolates Against Rhizoctonia solani Causing Brown Patch Disease on Turfgrass Areas

Rhizoctonia solani is a pathogenic fungus found world-wide which attacks a great number of plants. The agent also causes significant damages on turfgrass. R. solani anastomosis groups cause leaf blight, large patch and brown patch diseases on turfgrasses areas. Brown patch disease caused by R. solani causes considerable damage especially in golf courses and sport fields. In this study, seven antagonist bacterial isolates were evaluated for their effect on protect to Rhizoctonia solani on turfgrass in greenhouse conditions. The bacteria were inoculated into seed of turgrass at the rate of 108 cfu/ml. Results from the assay showed that turfgrass from the inoculated treatment have less susceptible to R. solani than the uninoculated treatment. The disease severity observed in the inoculated treatment was significantly suppressed in comparison to the uninoculated treatment (P < 0.001). The highest protection effect was observed on isolate 253e (91.43%). The isolates 187c (87.62%) and 166fp (81.59%) followed it. Identifications of bacterial isolates were performed by DNA sequencing analysis. These isolates were identified as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sp., Paenibacillus sp., Pseudomonas putida, Stenotrophomanas rhizophila. Consequently the study, It has been detected that B. cereus 253e, Bacillus sp. 187c and P. putida 166fp strains are potential isolates that can be used in the biological control of brown patch disease in turfgrass areas.
Keywords:

Rhizoctonia solani, Turfgrass, biological control, plant growth promoting,

PDF

___

  • Aşkın, A. 2008. The effects of non-pathogenıc Pseudomonads on damping-off of tomato seedlings caused by some fungal pathogens in Ankara provınce. Ph. D. Thesis. Ankara University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Plant Protection.
  • Aşkın, A. and Katırcıoğlu, Y.Z. 2008. Detection and Pathogenicity of the damping off of tomato in Ayaş, Beypazarı and Nallıhan Provinces, Ankara. Plant Protection Bulletin, 48 (2): 49-59.
  • Aşkin, A. and Katırcıoğlu, Y.Z. 2009. The Effect of Fluorescent Pseudomonads on Damping-off of tomato seedlings caused by Pythium deliense. Plant Protection Bulletin, 49: 169-182.
  • Aşkın, A. and Ozan, S. 2013. Investigation of Bacillus spp. against Pseudoperonspora cubensis causing doawny mildev in cucumber in Middle Anatolia. Plant Protection Products and Machines Congress, Antalya.
  • Burpee, L.L. and Martin, B. 1992. Biology of Rhizoctonia species associated with turfgrasses. Plant Diseases, 76: 112-117.
  • Cawoy, H.B., Wagner, F., Patrick, O. and Marc, O. 2011. Bacillus-Based Biological Control of Plant Diseases, Pesticides in the Modern World - Pesticides Use and Management, Margarita Stoytcheva, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/17184. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/books/pesticides-in-the-modern-world-pesticides-use-and-management/bacillus-based-biological-control-of-plant-diseases.
  • Clarke, B.B. 2017. Effective control of Pythium and Brown patch disease of cool season turfgrasses. Available on line with updates https://turf.rutgers.edu/research/canada/pythiumandbrownpatch.pdf
  • Clemente, G., Quadrelli, A.M., Melegari, A.and Escande, A. 2000. Inoculation methods of fluorescent Pseudomonas to control tomato damping off (Rhizoctonia solani AG-4). Fifth International PGPR Workshop. Organizator: APS, Argentina. http://www.inta.gov.ar/balcarce/info/documentos/ posters/ant22/AliciaMeleg.htm. Erişim tarihi:2008
  • Coelho, M.R.R., Von der Weid, I., Zahner, V. and Seldin, L. 2003. Characterization of nitrogen-fixing Paenibacillus species by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of part of genes encoding 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA and by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. FEMS Microbial. Lett. 222: 243–250.
  • Couch, H.B 1995. Diseases of Turfgrasses Caused by Fungi. In: Couch HB, editor. Diseases of Turfgrasses. 3rd ed. Malabar, FL: Krieger Publishing Company. p: 21-199.
  • Giesler, L.J. and Yuen, G.Y. 1998. Evaluation of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain C3 for biocontrol of brown patch disease. Crop Prot. 17: 509-513.
  • Haas, D. and Defago, G. 2005. Biological control of soilborne pathogens by fluorescent pseudomonads. Nat Rev Microbiol. Apr; 3(4): 307-19.
  • Hatat, G. 1995. Samsun ilinde önemli bazı kültür bitkilerinde bulunan Pythium türlerinin tespiti ve patojeniteleri üzerinde araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi, Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı, ss. 83, Ankara.
  • Hsiang, T. and Dean, J.D. 2001. dna sequencing for anastomosis grouping of Rhizoctonia solani isolates from poa annua. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, Volume 9: 674-678.
  • Ichielevich-Auster, M., Sneh, B., Koltin, Y. and Barash, I. 1985. Suppression of damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia species by a nonpathogenic isolate of R. solani. Phytopathology, 75: 1080-1084.
  • Jeon Seung, Woo, Naingauthor, K.W., Leeauthor, Y.S., Nguyenauthor, X.H., Kimauthor, S.J., Kimauthor, K.Y. 2015. Promotion of growth and biocontrol of brown patch disease by inoculation of Paenibacillus ehimensis KWN38 in bentgrass. Hort. Environ. Biotechnol. 56(2): 263-271.
  • Karman, M. 1971. Bitki Koruma Araştırmalarında Genel Bilgiler, Denemelerin Kuruluşu ve Değerlendirme Esasları, Bornova-İzmir, 279s.
  • Khan, N., Mishra, A. and Nautiyal, C.S.. 2012. Paenibacillus lentimorbus B-30488r controls early blight disease in tomato by inducing host resistance associated gene expression and inhibiting Alternaria solani. Biol. Control, 62: 65–74.
  • Khan, Z., Kim, S.G., Jeon, Y.H., Khan, H.U., Son, S.H. and Kim, Y.H.. 2008. A plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa strain GBR-1, suppresses root-knot nematode. Biores. Technol. 99: 3016–3023.
  • Kilic-Ekici, O, Yuen, G.Y. 2003. Induced Resistance as a Mechanism of Biological Control by Lysobacter enzymogenes Strain C3. Phytopathology. 93(9): 1103-1110.
  • Kloepper, J.W. 1996. Host specificity in microbe-microbe interactions. BioScience, 46: 406-409.
  • Kloepper, J.W. and Schroth, M.N. 1978. In Proceedings of the IVth International Conference on Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Vol. 2 879–882 (Station de Pathologie Végétale et Phytobactériologie, INRA, Angers, France)
  • Kluepfel, D.A. 1993. The behavior and tracking of bacteria in the rhizosphere. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 31: 441-72
  • Lane, D.J. 1991. 16S/23S rRNA sequencing. In nucleic acid techniques in bacterial systematics; Stackebrandt, E., Goodfellow, M., Eds.; John Wiley & Sons: New York, NY, USA; p:115-175.
  • Larsen, J. Cornejo, P. and Barea, J.M. 2009. Interactions between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices and the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa and P. macerans in the mycorrhizosphere of Cucumis sativus. Soil Biol. Biochem. 41: 286–292.
  • Li, W.J. and Jiang, R.B. 2006. The isolation and characteristic analysis of antagonistic substances produced by Brevibacillus laterosporus X10. Journal of Biology, 23: 16–19.
  • Lo, C.T., Nelson, E.B. and Harman, G.E. 1996. Biological control of turfgrass diseases with a rhizosphere competent strain of Trichoderma harzianum. Plant disease. 80(7): 736-742.
  • Martin, S.B. and Lucas, L.T. 1983. Characterization and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia spp. and binucleate Rhizoctonia-like fungi from turf grasses in North Carolina. Phytopathology, 74: 170-175.
  • Mondal, D.K and Battacharyya, P.K. 2003.Management of gram root rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina Tossi (Goid) with anatgonistic bacrteria (Bacillus spp.) Journal of Mychopathological Research, 41(2): 147-151.
  • Naing, K.W., Anees, M., Nguyen, X.H., Lee, Y.S. Jeon, S.W, Kim, S.J., Kim, M.H. and Kim, K.Y. 2014. Biocontrol of late blight disease (Phytophthora capsici) of pepper and the plant growth promotion by Paenibacillus ehimensis KWN38. J. Phytopathol. 162: 367–376.
  • Nelson, E.B. 1992. Biological control of turfgrass diseases. Information Bulletin 220. A Cornell Cooperative Extention Publication. p:1-12.
  • Ozturk B.Y., Asikkutlu B., Akkoz C., Atici T. 2019. Molecular and Morphological Characterization of Several Cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta Species Isolated from Lakes in Turkey. Turk. J. Fish. and Aquat. Sci. 19(8): 635-643.
  • Papavizas, G.C. and Davey, C.B. 1962. Activity of Rhizoctonia in soil as affected by carbon dioxide. Phytopathology, 52: 759-766.
  • Raza, W. Makeen, K., Wang, Y., Xu ,Y, and Qirong, S. 2011. Optimization, purification, characterization and antioxidant activity of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa SQR-21. Biores. Technol. 102: 6095–6103.
  • Singleton, P.W., Woomer, P.L., Thies, J.E., Nakao, P.L. and Bohlool, B.B. 1991. Ni1TAL Project, Universityof Hawaii, Paia.
  • Sneh, B., Burpee L, Ogoshi A. 1994. Identification of Rhizoctonia species. APS Pres, St. Paul, Minnesota, p.133.
  • Soylu, S., E.M. Soylu, Ş. Kurt, and Ö.K. Ekici, 2005. Antagonistic potentials of rhizosphere-associated bacterial isolates against soil-borne diseases of tomato and pepper caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 8, 43-48.
  • Sutker, E.M. and Lucus, L.T. 1987. Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani in tall fescue turfgrass. Phytopathology, 77: 1721.
  • Tang, L.J., Ji, Z.L. and Xu, J.Y. 2005. Mechanisms of action to B. cinerea and antimicrobial substance of Bacillus licheniformis W10. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 21: 203–205.
  • Tani, T. and Beard, J.B. 1996. Color Atlas of Turfgrass diseases. Ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey, 245 pages.
  • Thompson, D.C., Clarke, B.B. and Kobayashi, D.Y. 1996. Evaluation of bacterial antagonists for reduction summer patch symptoms in Kentucky bluegrass. Plant Dis. 80: 856-862.
  • Timmusk, A., Nicander, B., Granhall, U., and Tillberg, E. 1999. Cytokinin production by Paenibacillus polymyxa. Soil Biol. Biochem. 31: 1847–1852.
  • Ünal, F. 2013. Determination of Rhizoctonia species, anastomosis groups and the reactions of cultuvars on wheat production areas of Central Anatolia Region. Ankara University Graduate School of Natural and Applied, Ankara, Turkey. PhD Thesis.
  • Ünal, F., Yıldırım, A.F., Tülek, S., Eğerci, Y., Öztürk, Ö., Kurbetli, İ., Ünlü, A, Dolar, F.S. 2016. Anastomosis groups and virulence detected Rhizoctonia solani Kühn isolates of turfgrass areas in Turkey. VI. Ornamental Plants Congress, Congress Book, 108 p.
  • Ünal, F., Öztürk, Ö, Eğerci, Y., Tülek, S., Bingöl, M.Ü.., Kurbetli, İ., Ünlü, A., Dolar, F.S. 2019. First report of brown patch disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG 1 on turfgrasses in Turkey. 1st International Molecular Plant Protection Congress, 10-13 April 2019, Adana, Turkey, p92.
  • Weller, D.M. 1988. Biological control of soilborne pathogens in the rhizosphere with bacteria. Annu Rev Phytopathol. 26:379–407.
  • Yuen, G.Y., Craing, M.L. and Giesler, L.J. 1994. Biological control of Rhizoctonia solani on tall fescue using fungal antagonists. Plant disease, 78: 118-123.
  • Zhang, Z. and Yuen, G.Y. 1997. Chitinolytic properties of Steno-trophomonus maltophiliu strain C3, an antagonist of fungal turfgrass pathogens. Phytopathology, 87: s109.-
The Journal of Turkish Phytopathology-Cover
  • ISSN: 0378-8024
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 1971
  • Yayıncı: Türkiye Fitopatoloji Derneği
Arşiv
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Çimlerde Fusarium graminearum ve Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Benn.’in Biyolojik Kontrolü Üzerinde Araştırmalar

Vatan AŞKIN, Arzu COŞKUNTUNA, Filiz ÜNAL

Çim Alanlarında Kahverengi Yama Hastalığına Neden Olan Rhizoctonia solani’ye Karşı Yerli Bacillus ve Florosan Pseudomonas İzolatlarının Biyokontrol Etkinliğinin Belirlenmesi

Ayşe AŞKIN ŞENOCAK, Filiz ÜNAL, Mesut YILDIRIR

Sclerotium rolfsii İzolatlarının Miselyal Uyum Gruplarının Saptanması ve Morfolojik ve Patojenik Olarak Karşılaştırılması

İpek YAŞAR, Figen MERT

Zeytinlerde Verticillium Solgunluğunun (Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) Biyolojik Kontrolü Üzerinde Araştırmalar

Figen YILDIZ, Mehmet YILDIZ, Latife ERTEN