Kayseri Selçuklu Uygarlığı Müzesinde’ki Bizans Dönemi Seramik KandilleriÖzetAydınlatma ihtiyacı Antik Çağlardan itibaren insanoğlunun en önemli temel ihtiyaçlarından birisi olmuştur. Ateşin bulunmasıyla birlikte, bu ihtiyaç bir takım gereksinimleri meydana getirmiş ve insanlar çözüm yolları aramaya başlamışlardır. Ateşin kontrol altına alarak, yanlarında taşıma isteği günlük hayatı kolaylaştıracak aydınlama araçlarının ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Dönem teknolojisine göre ve insanların istekleri doğrultusunda farklı aydınlatma araçları kullanılmış ve zamanla gelişim göstermişlerdir. Antik çağda ilk kullanılmış olan aydınlatma aracı meşaledir. Sonra onu şamdan ve kandil takip etmektedir. Şamdan ve kandiller meşaleye göre daha yaygın ve uzun süre kullanım alanı görmüştür. Üretilmiş oldukları döneme göre malzeme, teknik, form ve kompozisyon açısından farklılık gösteren kandiller, kullanan insanların ekonomik durumu ile de doğru orantı göstermektedir. Bu bilimsel araştırma yazısının konusunu oluşturan kandiller seramik malzemeden yapılmış olan, Bizans Dönemi’ne tarihlendirilen aydınlatma araçlarıdır. Araştırmaya konu olan dört adet seramik kandil müzenin teşhirinde yer almaktadır. Konuyla ilgili daha önce tarafımızdan yapılmış olan yüksek lisans tezinde değinilen kandillere, bu bilimsel araştırma yazısında daha detaylı incelemek amacıyla ele alınmıştır. Çalışma esnasında kandillerin gerekli fotoğrafları çekilip, çizimleri tarafımızdan 1/1 ölçekle herhangi bir çizim programı kullanmadan teknik resim kurallarına uygun olarak çizilerek belgelenmiştir. Bahsedilen bu seramik kandiller; malzeme, teknik, form ve kompozisyon açısından incelenerek dönem özellikleri de göz önüne alınarak bilim camiasına tanıtılması amaçlanmıştır.  Anahtar Kelimeler: Aydınlatma araçları, seramik, kandil, Bizans DönemiByzantine Ceramic Candles at Kayseri Seljuk Civilization MuseumABSTRACTThe need for illumination has been one of the most important basic necessities of mankind since Antiquity. With the presence of fire, this need has brought some requirements and people have begun to seek solutions. By bringing the fire under control, it has enabled the emergence of means of illumination that will facilitate the daily life of those who want to carry it with them. According to the term technology and in the direction of people's desire, different lighting tools have been used and they have developed over time. In ancient times the first used lighting fixture is worn. Then he is followed by candlesticks and oil lamps. Candlesticks and candles are more common and have long been used. The lamps, which differ in terms of material, technique, form and composition according to the rotation they produce, are also in direct proportion to the economic situation of the people using it.  The lamps that make up the subject of this scientific research are the lighting tools made of ceramic material and dated to the Byzantine period. Four ceramic lamps subject to research are exhibited in the museum exhibition. The topic of the study on the subject, which was mentioned in our master's thesis, has been studied in detail in the article of this scientific research. During the operation, the necessary photographs were taken of the lamps and their drawings were documented in accordance with the technical drawing rules without using any drawing program with 1/1 scale from our side. These ceramic lamps mentioned; material, technique, form and composition of the period and to introduce it to the scientific community by considering the period characteristics.   Keywords: Lighting fixtures, ceramics, oil lamps, Byzantine period

The need for illumination has been one of the most important basic necessities of mankind since Antiquity. With the presence of fire, this need has brought some requirements and people have begun to seek solutions. By bringing the fire under control, it has enabled the emergence of means of illumination that will facilitate the daily life of those who want to carry it with them. According to the term technology and in the direction of people's desire, different lighting tools have been used and they have developed over time. In ancient times the first used lighting fixture is worn. Then he is followed by candlesticks and oil lamps. Candlesticks and candles are more common and have long been used. The lamps, which differ in terms of material, technique, form and composition according to the rotation they produce, are also in direct proportion to the economic situation of the people using it. The lamps that make up the subject of this scientific research are the lighting tools made of ceramic material and dated to the Byzantine period. Four ceramic lamps subject to research are exhibited in the museum exhibition. The topic of the study on the subject, which was mentioned in our master's thesis, has been studied in detail in the article of this scientific research. During the operation, the necessary photographs were taken of the lamps and their drawings were documented in accordance with the technical drawing rules without using any drawing program with 1/1 scale from our side. These ceramic lamps mentioned; material, technique, form and composition of the period and to introduce it to the scientific community by considering the period characteristics.