Rüstem Aşkın, Ezgi TAN DİNSEL, Alper BAŞ

Coping with the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic

The global virus outbreak called COVID-19 has been one of the important breaking points in world history.COVID-19 is not only a physical disease affecting the whole world, but also an important issue in terms ofcommunity mental health, the effects of which will be understood in the long term. It is essential to explainthe long-term and ongoing mental health effects of COVID-19 to take preventive steps. The aim of the presentarticle was to review the impact of similar outbreaks in the past and to understand the potential impact onmental health through data from ongoing studies. Additionally, we summarized possible risk factors that mayarise in infected people, healthcare professionals and the general population during COVID-19 outbreak.

PDF

___

1. Shalev D, Shapiro PA. Epidemic psychiatry: the opportunities and challenges of COVID-19. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2020;64:68- 71.
2. Kelly BD. Covid-19 (Coronavirus): challenges for psychiatry. Br J Psychiatry 2020 Apr 15;1-2. doi: 10.1192/bjp.2020.86
3. Huang Y, Zhao N. Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Res 2020;288:112954.
4. American Psychiatric Association. New Poll:COVID-19 ImpactingMentalWell-Being. Available at: www.psychiatry.org/newsroom/news-releases/new-poll-covid19-impacting-mental-well-being-americans-feeling-anxious-espe cially-for-loved-ones-older-adults-are-less-anxious. Accessed March 25, 2020.
5. Sønderskov KM, Dinesen PT, Santini ZI, Østergaard SD. The depressive state of Denmark during the COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Apr 22;1-3. doi: 10.1017/neu.2020.15.
6. Zhu S, Wu Y, Zhu CY, Hong WC, Yu ZX, Chen ZK, et al. The immediate mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic among people with or without quarantine managements. Brain Behav Immun 2020 Apr 18;S0889-1591(20)30601-2. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.045.
7. Zhang J, Lu H, Zeng H, Zhang S, Du Q, Jiang T, et al. The differential psychological distress of populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Brain Behav Immun 2020 Apr 15;S0889- 1591(20)30535-3. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.031.
8. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, McIntyre RS, et al. Longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Brain Behav Immun 020 Apr 13;S0889-1591(20)30511-0. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.028.
9. Lee AM, Wong JG, McAlonan, GM, Cheung V, Cheung C, Sham PC, et al. Stress and psychological distress among SARS survivors 1 year after the outbreak. Can J Psychiatry 2007;52:233-40.
10. Mak IW, Chu MC, Pan PC, Yiu MG, Chan VL. Long-term psychiatric morbidities among SARS survivors. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2009;31:318-26.
11. Lee SM, Kang WS, Cho AR, Kim T, Park JK. Psychological impact of the 2015 MERS outbreak on hospital workers and quarantined hemodialysis patients. Compr Psychiatry 2018;87:123-7.
12. Park JS, Lee EH, Park NR, Choi YH. Mental health of nurses working at a government-designated hospital during a MERSCoV outbreak: a cross-sectional study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2008;32:2-6.
13. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open 2020;3:e203976.
14. Chen Y, Zhou H, Zhou Y, Zhou F. Prevalence of self-reported depression and anxiety among pediatric medical staff members during the COVID-19 outbreak in Guiyang, China. Psychiatry Res 2020;288:113005.
15. Mo Y, Deng L, Zhang L, Lang Q, Liao C, Wang N, et al. Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan for fighting against the COVID-19 epidemic. J Nurs Manag 2020 Apr 7. doi: 10.1111/jonm.13014.
16. Li Z, Ge J, Yang M, Feng J, Qiao M, Jiang R, et al. Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control. Brain Behav Immun 2020 Mar 10;S0889-1591(20)30309-3. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.007.
17. Yao H, Chen JH, Xu YF. Patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry 2020;7:e21.
18. Goldberg, JF. Psychiatry’s niche role in the COVID-19 pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry 2020;81:20com13363.
19. Gunnel D, Appleby L, Arensman E, HawtonK, John A, Kapur N, et al. Suicide risk and prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry 2020;7:468-71.
20. Wasserman IM. The impact of epidemic, war, prohibition and media on suicide: United States, 1910–1920. Suicide Life Threat Behav1992;22:240-54.
21. O’Connor RC, Kirtley OJ. The integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behaviour. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018;373:20170268.
22. Duan L, Zhhu G. Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry 2020;7:300-2.